function [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = mainFunction()
    % This is the "main function".  In Matlab, things work best if you rename this function to match the filename.
   [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = solveModel();
end

function [algebraicVariableCount] = getAlgebraicVariableCount() 
    % Used later when setting a global variable with the number of algebraic variables.
    % Note: This is not the "main method".  
    algebraicVariableCount =4;
end
% There are a total of 3 entries in each of the rate and state variable arrays.
% There are a total of 14 entries in the constant variable array.
%

function [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = solveModel()
    % Create ALGEBRAIC of correct size
    global algebraicVariableCount;  algebraicVariableCount = getAlgebraicVariableCount();
    % Initialise constants and state variables
    [INIT_STATES, CONSTANTS] = initConsts;

    % Set timespan to solve over 
    tspan = [0, 10];

    % Set numerical accuracy options for ODE solver
    options = odeset('RelTol', 1e-06, 'AbsTol', 1e-06, 'MaxStep', 1);

    % Solve model with ODE solver
    [VOI, STATES] = ode15s(@(VOI, STATES)computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS), tspan, INIT_STATES, options);

    % Compute algebraic variables
    [RATES, ALGEBRAIC] = computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS);
    ALGEBRAIC = computeAlgebraic(ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS, STATES, VOI);

    % Plot state variables against variable of integration
    [LEGEND_STATES, LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC, LEGEND_VOI, LEGEND_CONSTANTS] = createLegends();
    figure();
    plot(VOI, STATES);
    xlabel(LEGEND_VOI);
    l = legend(LEGEND_STATES);
    set(l,'Interpreter','none');
end

function [LEGEND_STATES, LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC, LEGEND_VOI, LEGEND_CONSTANTS] = createLegends()
    LEGEND_STATES = ''; LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC = ''; LEGEND_VOI = ''; LEGEND_CONSTANTS = '';
    LEGEND_VOI = strpad('time in component environment (min)');
    LEGEND_STATES(:,1) = strpad('Z in component Ca (uM)');
    LEGEND_STATES(:,2) = strpad('Y in component Ca (uM)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,14) = strpad('V_in in component V_in (uM_per_min)');
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = strpad('V_2 in component V_2 (uM_per_min)');
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,4) = strpad('V_3 in component V_3 (uM_per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,1) = strpad('K_f in component Ca (per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,2) = strpad('K in component Ca (per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,3) = strpad('beta in component Ca_flux (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,4) = strpad('v_0 in component V_in (uM_per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,5) = strpad('v_1 in component V_in (uM_per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,6) = strpad('V_M2 in component V_2 (uM_per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,7) = strpad('K_2 in component V_2 (uM)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,8) = strpad('K_y in component V_3 (uM)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,9) = strpad('V_M3 in component V_3 (uM_per_min)');
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = strpad('R_plus in component Ca_channels (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_STATES(:,3) = strpad('rho in component Ca_channels (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,2) = strpad('gamma in component gamma (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,10) = strpad('k_d in component Ca_channels (per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,11) = strpad('k_r in component Ca_channels (per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,12) = strpad('a in component gamma (per_min)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,13) = strpad('d in component gamma (per_min)');
    LEGEND_RATES(:,1) = strpad('d/dt Z in component Ca (uM)');
    LEGEND_RATES(:,2) = strpad('d/dt Y in component Ca (uM)');
    LEGEND_RATES(:,3) = strpad('d/dt rho in component Ca_channels (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_STATES  = LEGEND_STATES';
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC = LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC';
    LEGEND_RATES = LEGEND_RATES';
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS = LEGEND_CONSTANTS';
end

function [STATES, CONSTANTS] = initConsts()
    VOI = 0; CONSTANTS = []; STATES = []; ALGEBRAIC = [];
    STATES(:,1) = 0.3;
    STATES(:,2) = 2.7;
    CONSTANTS(:,1) = 1;
    CONSTANTS(:,2) = 10;
    CONSTANTS(:,3) = 1;
    CONSTANTS(:,4) = 1;
    CONSTANTS(:,5) = 1;
    CONSTANTS(:,6) = 6.5;
    CONSTANTS(:,7) = 0.1;
    CONSTANTS(:,8) = 0.2;
    CONSTANTS(:,9) = 50;
    STATES(:,3) = 0.2;
    CONSTANTS(:,10) = 5000.0;
    CONSTANTS(:,11) = 5.0;
    CONSTANTS(:,12) = 10000.0;
    CONSTANTS(:,13) = 100.0;
    CONSTANTS(:,14) = CONSTANTS(:,4)+ CONSTANTS(:,5).*CONSTANTS(:,3);
    if (isempty(STATES)), warning('Initial values for states not set');, end
end

function [RATES, ALGEBRAIC] = computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS)
    global algebraicVariableCount;
    statesSize = size(STATES);
    statesColumnCount = statesSize(2);
    if ( statesColumnCount == 1)
        STATES = STATES';
        ALGEBRAIC = zeros(1, algebraicVariableCount);
        utilOnes = 1;
    else
        statesRowCount = statesSize(1);
        ALGEBRAIC = zeros(statesRowCount, algebraicVariableCount);
        RATES = zeros(statesRowCount, statesColumnCount);
        utilOnes = ones(statesRowCount, 1);
    end
    RATES(:,3) =  - ( CONSTANTS(:,10).*power(STATES(:,1), 4.00000).*STATES(:,3).*1.00000)+ CONSTANTS(:,11).*(1.00000 - STATES(:,3));
    ALGEBRAIC(:,1) =  CONSTANTS(:,6).*(power(STATES(:,1), 2.00000)./(power(CONSTANTS(:,7), 2.00000)+power(STATES(:,1), 2.00000)));
    ALGEBRAIC(:,2) =  (CONSTANTS(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,13)).*power(STATES(:,1), 4.00000).*1.00000;
    ALGEBRAIC(:,3) =  ALGEBRAIC(:,2).*(STATES(:,3)./(1.00000+ALGEBRAIC(:,2)));
    ALGEBRAIC(:,4) =  CONSTANTS(:,3).*ALGEBRAIC(:,3).*CONSTANTS(:,9).*(power(STATES(:,2), 2.00000)./(power(CONSTANTS(:,8), 2.00000)+power(STATES(:,2), 2.00000)));
    RATES(:,1) = (CONSTANTS(:,14) - ALGEBRAIC(:,1))+ALGEBRAIC(:,4)+( CONSTANTS(:,1).*STATES(:,2) -  CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,1));
    RATES(:,2) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,1) - ALGEBRAIC(:,4)) -  CONSTANTS(:,1).*STATES(:,2);
   RATES = RATES';
end

% Calculate algebraic variables
function ALGEBRAIC = computeAlgebraic(ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS, STATES, VOI)
    statesSize = size(STATES);
    statesColumnCount = statesSize(2);
    if ( statesColumnCount == 1)
        STATES = STATES';
        utilOnes = 1;
    else
        statesRowCount = statesSize(1);
        utilOnes = ones(statesRowCount, 1);
    end
    ALGEBRAIC(:,1) =  CONSTANTS(:,6).*(power(STATES(:,1), 2.00000)./(power(CONSTANTS(:,7), 2.00000)+power(STATES(:,1), 2.00000)));
    ALGEBRAIC(:,2) =  (CONSTANTS(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,13)).*power(STATES(:,1), 4.00000).*1.00000;
    ALGEBRAIC(:,3) =  ALGEBRAIC(:,2).*(STATES(:,3)./(1.00000+ALGEBRAIC(:,2)));
    ALGEBRAIC(:,4) =  CONSTANTS(:,3).*ALGEBRAIC(:,3).*CONSTANTS(:,9).*(power(STATES(:,2), 2.00000)./(power(CONSTANTS(:,8), 2.00000)+power(STATES(:,2), 2.00000)));
end

% Pad out or shorten strings to a set length
function strout = strpad(strin)
    req_length = 160;
    insize = size(strin,2);
    if insize > req_length
        strout = strin(1:req_length);
    else
        strout = [strin, blanks(req_length - insize)];
    end
end