0.2 <documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation"> <article> <articleinfo> <title>Di Francesco-Noble Purkinje Fibre Model 1985</title> <author> <firstname>Catherine</firstname> <surname>Lloyd</surname> <affiliation> <shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil> </affiliation> </author> </articleinfo> <section id="sec_status"> <title>Model Status</title> <para>This model has been curated and unit-checked by Penny Noble of Oxford University and is known to run in PCEnv and COR and reproduce the results published in the paper it is based on.</para> </section> <sect1 id="sec_structure"> <title>Model Structure</title> <para>During the years that followed the formulation of the McAllister-Noble-Tsien Purkinje fibre model in 1975 and the Beeler-Reuter mammalian ventricular model in 1977, many experiments were performed which provided a greater insight into the working of the ion channels in cardiac tissue. D. Di Francesco and D. Noble (1985) constructed a new model of cardiac electrical activity which sought to incorporate much of this new data (see the figure below).</para> <para>The complete original paper reference is cited below:</para> <para> A Model of the Cardiac Electrical Activity Incorporating Ionic Pumps and Concentration Changes - Simulations of Ionic Currents and Concentration Changes, Di Francesco, D. and Noble, D. <ulink url="http://www.pubs.royalsoc.ac.uk/proc_bio/proc_bio.html"> <emphasis>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond.</emphasis> </ulink> , B307, 353-398. (The <ulink url="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4622%2819850110%29307%3A1133%3C353%3AAMOCEA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O">full text</ulink> of the article is available to members on the JSTOR website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=2578676&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 2578676</ulink> </para> <informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram"> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <objectinfo> <title>cell diagram of the DFN model showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title> </objectinfo> <imagedata fileref="difrancesco_noble_1985.png" /> </imageobject> </mediaobject> <caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the DFN model.</caption> </informalfigure> <informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cellml_rendering"> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <objectinfo> <title>the cellml rendering of the DFN model</title> </objectinfo> <imagedata fileref="cellml_rendering.gif" /> </imageobject> </mediaobject> <caption> The network defined in the CellML description of the Di Francesco-Noble model. A key describing the significance of the shapes of the components and the colours of the connections between them is in the <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_GRAPHICAL_NOTATION}">notation guide</ulink> . For simplicity, not all the variables are shown. </caption> </informalfigure> <para> The membrane physically contains the currents, exchangers and pumps, as indicated by the blue arrows in <xref linkend="fig_cellml_rendering" /> . The currents act independently and are not connected to each other. Several of the channels encapsulate <emphasis>and</emphasis> contain further components which represent activation and inactivation gates. The addition of an encapsulation relationship informs modellers and processing software that the gates are important parts of the current model. It also prevents any other components that aren't also encapsulated by the parent component from connecting to its gates, effectively hiding them from the rest of the model. </para> <para>The breakdown of the model into components and the definition of encapsulation and containment relationships between them is somewhat arbitrary. When considering how a model should be broken into components, modellers are encouraged to consider which parts of a model might be re-used and how the physiological elements of the system being modelled are naturally bounded. Containment relationships should be used to provide simple rendering information for processing software (ideally, this will correspond to the layout of the physical system), and encapsulation should be used to group sets of components into sub-models.</para> </sect1> </article> </documentation> <rdf:RDF xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:j.0="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0"> <cmeta:modification> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#307594d8-70f0-4d35-b5db-81f33862c8ab"> <cmeta:modifier> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#003be6d0-63f8-497f-88fd-9f5db8146d3d"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a66d4308-0f4f-4bbd-85c0-2d7200869d2e"> <vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>Penny</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modifier> <rdf:value>Units checked, curated.</rdf:value> <dcterms:modified> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#67d34689-2a5a-4941-a7fc-f83e7ef55e6c"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-11-28T16:00:36+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:modified> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modification> <cmeta:modification> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#17940d4d-6d26-4c36-bca8-8370616d8722"> <cmeta:modifier> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#39270657-5af0-4e4c-87af-1ad3b0139171"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b381ccc4-d23a-415c-b200-14046d56921b"> <vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modifier> <rdf:value>added cmeta:id's to some variables to allow referencing by PCEnv session file</rdf:value> <dcterms:modified> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5998ddc3-fe01-4ae4-89ef-ea09771277f7"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-12-19T14:05:35+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:modified> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modification> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#08c379a9-2e10-4d2d-8ac4-d13704bf7bb3"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#18c13e01-cb03-4ef8-acc1-eac5b6c65633"> <vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>Penny</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> <vCard:EMAIL> <j.0:internet rdf:about="rdf:#6d3945cd-94e1-4594-bb28-1c208e910d94"> <rdf:value>penny.noble@dpag.ox.ac.uk</rdf:value> </j.0:internet> </vCard:EMAIL> <vCard:ORG> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0d861168-293f-45b0-bf80-fe85e8343899"> <vCard:Orgunit>Department of Physiology, Anatomy &amp; Genetics</vCard:Orgunit> <vCard:Orgname>Oxford University</vCard:Orgname> </rdf:Description> </vCard:ORG> </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> <dcterms:created> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9297e735-75c9-4f60-9b31-3754e703244c"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-09-17T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:created> <cmeta:comment> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#02c9022a-8dbe-43b0-b6e0-e2f4b0b7f82d"> <rdf:value>This model has been curated by Penny Noble of Oxford University and is known to run in PCEnv and COR and reproduce the results published in the paper it is based on.</rdf:value> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7c75cf09-5016-4799-8abd-e553a35f83fe"> <vCard:FN>James Lawson</vCard:FN> </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:comment> <dc:publisher>Department of Physiology, Anatomy &amp; Genetics, University of Oxford</dc:publisher> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a545f1f8-a8c6-4232-aa2e-2172b402e469"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0142cd49-c837-4e89-b067-7b3b83fcbf8a"> <vCard:Other>unknown</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>Penny</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> <vCard:EMAIL> <j.0:internet rdf:about="rdf:#69b33c19-620b-4e8b-8aea-8304ef421afa"> <rdf:value>penny.noble@physiol.ox.ac.uk</rdf:value> </j.0:internet> </vCard:EMAIL> <vCard:ORG> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f75dd32e-bc81-42df-b5bc-9a41af37135c"> <vCard:Orgunit>unknown</vCard:Orgunit> <vCard:Orgname>Oxford University</vCard:Orgname> </rdf:Description> </vCard:ORG> </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> <dcterms:created> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#09e7805d-7da7-45a0-a2db-c7845c294845"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-09-28</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:created> <cmeta:modification> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7d4ccfe7-588f-4a58-b0b1-495640fd212b"> <cmeta:modifier> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7dd2ff36-e7e4-4bf3-b012-197678df5dae"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#814fb257-21e6-4042-9d8b-276b277c8af5"> <vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Villiger</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>Peter</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modifier> <rdf:value>added metadata</rdf:value> <dcterms:modified> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#971503e3-f694-428a-a20e-387fc990fab3"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2006-03-31</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:modified> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modification> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#difrancesco_noble_1985"> <cmeta:comment> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c24be5f0-79c0-4792-ae9e-1cc26a7f086f"> <rdf:value>This is a CellML description of the model described in the paper "A Model of the Cardiac Electrical Activity Incorporating Ionic Pumps and Concentration Changes - Simulations of Ionic Currents and Concentration Changes," by Di Francesco, D. and Noble, D.</rdf:value> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a87d6ee3-a785-42d8-a97a-9a1e6e688a6f"> <vCard:FN>James Lawson</vCard:FN> </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:comment> <bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource"> <dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource"> <rdf:value> <rdf:Bag> <rdf:li>Purkinje Fibre</rdf:li> <rdf:li>cardiac</rdf:li> <rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li> </rdf:Bag> </rdf:value> <bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type> </dc:subject> </bqs:reference> <bqs:reference> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#781394e3-18ed-42b6-98ec-d46329b65956"> <bqs:JournalArticle> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#51edefe9-47f5-481c-beb1-58138c77508a"> <bqs:last_page>398</bqs:last_page> <dcterms:issued> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f717378f-06e1-4dc4-a9e7-21be41975d5b"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>1985-01-10</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:issued> <bqs:Journal> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1a20cd73-1673-4d13-b495-d61657b9e049"> <dc:title>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</dc:title> </rdf:Description> </bqs:Journal> <bqs:first_page>353</bqs:first_page> <bqs:volume>307</bqs:volume> <dc:title>A Model of Cardiac Electrical Activity Incorporating Ionic Pumps and Concentration Changes</dc:title> <dc:creator> <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#5f6d45f2-6c7c-4498-91aa-e91d130ae335"> <rdf:li> <bqs:Person rdf:about="rdf:#a4aabe00-0b1a-4b43-a15b-aaefb69a5329"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c1a71e44-6807-4ee3-a414-9ad46fd5e910"> <vCard:Family>DiFrancesco</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>D</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </bqs:Person> </rdf:li> <rdf:li> <bqs:Person rdf:about="rdf:#abc3e2e8-4b95-493d-9f3b-e9234474ca70"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ba9c58a5-d553-4953-97fc-a5852e7472a8"> <vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>D</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </bqs:Person> </rdf:li> </rdf:Seq> </dc:creator> </rdf:Description> </bqs:JournalArticle> <bqs:Pubmed_id></bqs:Pubmed_id> </rdf:Description> </bqs:reference> <ns7:simulation> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$Hdmkf1"> <ns7:boundIntervals> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$Idmkf1"> <rdf:first> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$Jdmkf1"> <ns7:maximumStepSize>0.1</ns7:maximumStepSize> <ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>10000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity> </rdf:Description> </rdf:first> <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/> </rdf:Description> </ns7:boundIntervals> </rdf:Description> </ns7:simulation> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> A MODEL OF CARDIAC ELECTRICAL A C T I V I T Y INCORPORATING IONIC PUMPS AND CONCENTRATION CHANGES C:\Users\thomp_000\Dropbox\Work Related\Annotated Models\Difrancesco_1985\difrancesco_noble_1985.cellml Chris Thompson difrancesco_noble_1985 difrancesco_noble_1985 thompsct@umich.edu Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 Sodium/calcium exchanger 2 (Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange protein 2) (Solute carrier family 8 member 2) (P48768) http://identifiers.org/uniprot/P48768 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 (Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-2 subunit) (EC 3.6.3.9) (Sodium pump subunit alpha-2) (P50993) http://identifiers.org/uniprot/P50993 sodium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29101 potassium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29103 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 Portion of extracellular matrix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9672 Cardiac myocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14067 Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62387 Plasma membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841 Portion of cytosol http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66836 A physical entity that is defined by linking multiple physical entity terms with structural relations. A mathematical and/or logical expression that determines the value of a data structure. An element of a SemSim model that relates to the mathematical or logical representation of physical quantities or qualities. A physical dependency defined in a specific SemSim model. A physical entity defined in a specific SemSim model. A physical process defined in a specific SemSim model. A physical property defined in a specific SemSim model. A computational element that stores numerical and/or logical information related to the model. A data structure whose value is limited to decimals. A data structure whose value is limited to the whole numbers. A data structure unique to JSim's Mathematical Modeling Language (MML) used to set one or more model input values at runtime. A quantitative relation between values of physical properties that occurs over a span of time and that determines the time-course of a physical process. A physics analytical entity that represents the material, energy, and/or information content of material or immaterial, space-occupying continuants. A SemSim model element used to represent, in whole or in part, the physical meaning of a computational element. A physical processural entity that is a flow, or the control of a flow, of energy and/or information amongst physical continuants that are participants in the physical process. A physical attribute of an instance of a physical entity, an occurrence of a physical process, or a physical dependency that has a quantitative value that is measurable by a physical device or method, or is computable from such values. A data structure whose value is limited to the real numbers. A physical dependency that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource. A physical entity that is defined using a term from an external knowledge resource. A physical process that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource. A physical property that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource. A logical expression that constrains, but does not define, the value of a data structure. Example: x > 0. A computational or physical element of a SemSim model. A grouping of one or more data structures that comprise a computationally or physically distinct part of a model or submodel. A physical quantity chosen as a standard in terms of which other physical quantities may be expressed. sodium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29101 sodium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29101 potassium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29103 potassium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29103 potassium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29103 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 Ca background current across plasma membrane of cardiac myocyte 1.0 1.0 1.0 Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol of cardiac myocyte 1.0 1.0 Ca uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum 1.0 1.0 Cardiac myocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14067 Delayed rectifier K channel current 1.0 1.0 Fast sodium channel current across plasma membrane 1.0 1.0 Hyperpolarising activated channel current 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Hyperpolarizing activated K channel current 1.0 1.0 Hyperpolarizing activated Na channel current 1.0 1.0 Intercellular cleft Channel between two tightly packed cell. Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62387 K transient outward channel current 1.0 1.0 1.0 NaCa exchange pump current across plasma membrane 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NaK exchange pump current 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Na_Ca_exchanger false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular calcium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Calcium equilibrium potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false in true Sodium equilibrium potential 0.02 false false true scaling factor for i_NaCa false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 0.001 false false true Denominator constant for i_NaCa 0.5 false false true Position of energy barrier controlling voltage-dependence of i_NaCa Na_Ca_exchanger_i_NaCa false false out true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 3 false false out true Stoichiometry of Na-Ca exchange false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>K_NaCa</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>gamma</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <ci>Nai</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> <ci>Cao</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>gamma</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <ci>Nao</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> <ci>Cai</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn> <apply> <times /> <ci>d_NaCa</ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Cai</ci> <apply> <power /> <ci>Nao</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>Cao</ci> <apply> <power /> <ci>Nai</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Cai</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> Na background current across plasma membrane of cardiac myocyte 1.0 1.0 1.0 Sodium/calcium exchanger 2 (Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange protein 2) (Solute carrier family 8 member 2) (P48768) http://identifiers.org/uniprot/P48768 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 (Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-2 subunit) (EC 3.6.3.9) (Sodium pump subunit alpha-2) (P50993) http://identifiers.org/uniprot/P50993 Plasma membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841 Portion of cytosol http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66836 Sarcoplasmic Ca transfer current 1.0 1.0 Sarcoplasmic reticulum uptake store Secondary Ca channel inward current 1.0 1.0 Secondary K channel inward current 1.0 1.0 Secondary Na channel inward current 1.0 1.0 Secondary channel inward current 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Time independent K channel current 1.0 1.0 ampere true coulomb true coulomb_per_mole -1.0 farad true joule true joule_per_kilomole_kelvin -1.0 -1.0 kilo kelvin true litre true metre true microF micro microS micro microS_per_millimolar -1.0 micrometre micro micrometre3 3.0 micro millimolar -1.0 milli millivolt milli mole true nanoA nano nanoA_per_millimolar -1.0 per_second -1.0 second true siemens true true volt calcium_background_current false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular calcium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false out true Calcium equilibrium potential false false in true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 0.02 false false true Calcium background conductance false false out true Calcium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E_Ca</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Cao</ci> <ci>Cai</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_Ca_b</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_Cab</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_Ca</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> environment environment_time false false out true Time solution domain extracellular_calcium_concentration 2 false false out true Extracellular calcium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 extracellular_potassium_concentration false false in true Faraday Constant 4 false false true Bulk extracellular potassium Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 4 false false out true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 0.00157 false false true Total extracellular volume false false in true Delayed K current false false in true Time independent K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true K component of hyperpolarising activated current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false out true Net membrane potassium flux false false in true NaK exchange pump current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Potassium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Transient outward current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 0.7 false false true Rate constant for K exchange between bulk and cleft space false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_mK</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_K1</ci> <ci>i_K</ci> <ci>i_fK</ci> <ci>i_siK</ci> <ci>i_to</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <ci>i_p</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Kc</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>pf</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Kc</ci> <ci>Kb</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> <ci>i_mK</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>Ve</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> extracellular_sodium_concentration 140 false false out true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 fast_sodium_current containment encapsulation containment encapsulation false false true Reversal potential for sodium channel false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true false false in out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 750 false false true Conductance of fast sodium current channels false false in true Gating variable for h gate false false out true TTX sensittive fast Na current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Activation gate and rate coefficient false false in out true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E_mh</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Nao</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn> <ci>Kc</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Nai</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn> <ci>Ki</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_Na</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_Na</ci> <apply> <power /> <ci>m</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn> </apply> <ci>h</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_mh</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> fast_sodium_current_h_gate false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Inactivation gate and rate coefficient false false true Inactivation gate and rate coefficient 0.8 false false out true Gating variable for h gate false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_h</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">20</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.125</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_h</ci> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">320</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>h</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_h</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>h</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_h</ci> <ci>h</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> fast_sodium_current_m_gate false false true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Activation gate and rate coefficient false false true Activation gate and rate coefficient 1e-5 false false true 0.01 false false out true Activation gate and rate coefficient false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E0_m</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">41</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_m</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_m</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_m</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">200</cn> <ci>E0_m</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn> </apply> <ci>E0_m</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_m</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">8000</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.056</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">66</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>m</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_m</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>m</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_m</ci> <ci>m</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> Portion of extracellular matrix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9672 hyperpolarising_activated_current containment encapsulation false false out true Potassium equilibrium potential false false out true Sodium equilibrium potential false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 45 false false true Ionic half-activation concentration for hyperpolarising current false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true false false in out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 3 false false true K conductance of if channels 3 false false true Na conductance of if channels false false hyperpolarising_activated_current_i_f out true Hyperpolarizing-activated NaK current false false out true K component of hyperpolarising activated current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false out true Na component of hyperpolarising activated current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in out true Time solution domain false false in true Gating variable for Hyperpolarizing-activated NaK current <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E_Na</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Nao</ci> <ci>Nai</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E_K</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Kc</ci> <ci>Ki</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_fNa</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>y</ci> <ci>Kc</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Kc</ci> <ci>Km_f</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>g_f_Na</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_Na</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_fK</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>y</ci> <ci>Kc</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Kc</ci> <ci>Km_f</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>g_f_K</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_K</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_f</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_fNa</ci> <ci>i_fK</ci> </apply> </apply> </math> hyperpolarising_activated_current_y_gate false false true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Rate coefficient for hyperpolarizing-activated NaK current false false true Rate coefficient for hyperpolarizing-activated NaK current 1e-5 false false true false false in true Time solution domain 0.2 false false out true Gating variable for Hyperpolarizing-activated NaK current <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_y</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0.05</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.067</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">52</cn> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E0_y</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">52</cn> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_y</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2.5</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_y</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_y</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">1</cn> <ci>E0_y</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2</cn> </apply> <ci>E0_y</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>y</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_y</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>y</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_y</ci> <ci>y</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> intracellular_calcium_concentration 1 false false true Ca concentrations in s.r. release store Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 2 false false true Ca concentration in s.r. uptake store 5 false false true Maximum Ca concentration in s.r. uptake store Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 5e-5 false false out true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Faraday Constant 0.001 false false true Half activation concentration for Ca binding to release site false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Volume of store of releasable calcium false false true Volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) uptake store false false in true Total intracellular volume false false true Rate coefficient of p false false true Rate coefficient of p false false in true Calcium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false true Ca release from junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Calcium component of fast current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false true Ca transferred into releasable form Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false true Ca uptake into s.r. expressed as a current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Stoichiometry of Na-Ca exchange 1 false false true Time- and voltage-dependence of the exchange between storage and release sites. 2 false false true Number of Ca ions required to bind to activate release 0.05 false false true Time constant for Ca release 2 false false true Time constant for repriming release store 0.025 false false true Time constant for s.r. uptake of calcium false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_up</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>Vi</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> <ci>tau_up</ci> <ci>Ca_up_max</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>Cai</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Ca_up_max</ci> <ci>Ca_up</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_tr</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>V_rel</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> <ci>tau_rep</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>p</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Ca_up</ci> <ci>Ca_rel</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_p</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">0.625</cn> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_p</ci> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">5</cn> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_rel</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>V_rel</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> <ci>tau_rel</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>Ca_rel</ci> <apply> <power /> <ci>Cai</ci> <ci>rCa</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <power /> <ci>Cai</ci> <ci>rCa</ci> </apply> <apply> <power /> <ci>K_mCa</ci> <ci>rCa</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>p</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_p</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>p</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_p</ci> <ci>p</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ca_up</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> <apply> <minus /> <ci>i_up</ci> <ci>i_tr</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>V_up</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>V_up</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>Vi</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.05</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ca_rel</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> <apply> <minus /> <ci>i_tr</ci> <ci>i_rel</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>V_rel</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>V_rel</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>Vi</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.02</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Cai</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_siCa</ci> <ci>i_Ca_b</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <ci>i_rel</ci> </apply> <ci>i_up</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>Vi</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> intracellular_potassium_concentration false false in true Faraday Constant 140 false false out true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Total intracellular volume false false in true Net membrane potassium flux false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ki</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> </apply> <ci>i_mK</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>Vi</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> intracellular_sodium_concentration false false in true Faraday Constant 8 false false out true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false true Total intracellular volume 0.1 false false true Fraction occupied by extracellular space false false out true Total intracellular volume false false in true TTX sensittive fast Na current false false in true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Sodium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Na component of hyperpolarising activated current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true NaK exchange pump current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Sodium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 2 false false true Length of preparation false false in true Stoichiometry of Na-Ca exchange 0.05 false false true Radius of preparation false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>V_Cell</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3.141592654</cn> <apply> <power /> <ci>radius</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>length</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>Vi</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>V_Cell</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>V_e_ratio</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Nai</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_Na</ci> <ci>i_Na_b</ci> <ci>i_fNa</ci> <ci>i_siNa</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>i_p</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>Vi</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> membrane containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment 0.075 false false true Membrane capacitance 96485.3415 false false out true Faraday Constant 8314.472 false false out true Boltzmann constant false false out true 310 false false out true Temperature -87 false false membrane_V out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false in true Calcium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Delayed K current false false in true Time independent K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true TTX sensittive fast Na current false false in true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Sodium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Hyperpolarizing-activated NaK current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true NaK exchange pump current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 0 false false true Experimental stimulation current false false in true Total TTX-insensitive inward current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Transient outward current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>R</ci> <ci>T</ci> </apply> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_f</ci> <ci>i_K</ci> <ci>i_K1</ci> <ci>i_to</ci> <ci>i_Na_b</ci> <ci>i_Ca_b</ci> <ci>i_p</ci> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> <ci>i_Na</ci> <ci>i_si</ci> <ci>i_pulse</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>C</ci> </apply> </apply> </math> second_inward_current containment encapsulation containment encapsulation containment encapsulation false false in out true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular calcium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 15 false false true false false in true false false in out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false in true Gating variable for fast Ca current channel d gate false false in true Gating variable for fast Ca current channel f gate false false in true Intracellular Ca dependent inactivation of fast calcium current false false out second_inward_current_i_si true Total TTX-insensitive inward current false false out true Calcium component of fast current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false out true Potassium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false out true Sodium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in out true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_siCa</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn> <ci>P_si</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Cai</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>Cao</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <ci>d</ci> <ci>f</ci> <ci>f2</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_siK</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01</cn> <ci>P_si</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Ki</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>Kc</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <ci>d</ci> <ci>f</ci> <ci>f2</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_siNa</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01</cn> <ci>P_si</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Nai</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>Nao</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <ci>d</ci> <ci>f</ci> <ci>f2</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_si</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_siCa</ci> <ci>i_siK</ci> <ci>i_siNa</ci> </apply> </apply> </math> second_inward_current_d_gate false false true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Activation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel false false true Inactivation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel d gate 0.005 false false out true Gating variable for fast Ca current channel d gate 0.0001 false false true false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E0_d</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">24</cn> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_d</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_d</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">30</cn> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_d</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_d</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">12</cn> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>E0_d</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>d</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_d</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>d</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_d</ci> <ci>d</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> second_inward_current_f2_gate false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 0.001 false false true Half activation concentration for extracellular K activation of hyperpolarizing-activated NaK current false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 5 false false true Intracellular Ca dependent inactivation of fast calcium current false false true Intracellular Ca dependent inactivation of fast calcium current 1 false false out true Intracellular Ca dependent inactivation of fast calcium current false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>f2</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>alpha_f2</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>f2</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>alpha_f2</ci> <ci>beta_f2</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_f2</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Cai</ci> <ci>alpha_f2</ci> </apply> <ci>K_mf2</ci> </apply> </apply> </math> second_inward_current_f_gate false false true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Inactivation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel false false true Inactivation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel 0.0001 false false true 1 false false out true Gating variable for fast Ca current channel f gate false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E0_f</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_f</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">25</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_f</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_f</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">6.25</cn> <ci>E0_f</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>E0_f</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_f</ci> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">50</cn> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>f</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_f</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>f</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_f</ci> <ci>f</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> sodium_background_current false false in true Sodium equilibrium potential false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 0.18 false false true Sodium background conductance false false out true Sodium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_Na_b</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_Nab</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_Na</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> sodium_potassium_pump 125 false false true Maximum NaK exchane pump current 1 false false true NaK pump K half activation concentration 40 false false true NaK pump Na half activation concentration false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false out true NaK exchange pump current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_p</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>I_p</ci> <ci>Kc</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>K_mK</ci> <ci>Kc</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>Nai</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>K_mNa</ci> <ci>Nai</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> time_dependent_potassium_current containment encapsulation false false true Fully activated value of delayed K current false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true false false in out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false out true Delayed K current 180 false false true Maximum outward potassium current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in out true Time solution domain false false in true Delayed K current gating variable <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>I_K</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>i_K_max</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Ki</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>Kc</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">140</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_K</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>x</ci> <ci>I_K</ci> </apply> </apply> </math> time_dependent_potassium_current_x_gate false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Delayed K rate coefficient false false true Delayed K rate coefficient false false in true Time solution domain 0.01 false false out true Delayed K current gating variable <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_x</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0.5</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0826</cn> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.057</cn> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_x</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">1.3</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.06</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>x</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_x</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>x</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_x</ci> <ci>x</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> time_independent_potassium_current false false in true Potassium equilibrium potential false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 210 false false true K half-activation concentration for inward K rectifier false false in true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 920 false false true Inward K rectifier conductance false false out time_independent_potassium_current_i_K1 true Time independent K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_K1</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_K1</ci> <ci>Kc</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Kc</ci> <ci>Km_K1</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_K</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> <ci>E_K</ci> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> transient_outward_current containment encapsulation false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 0.0005 false false true Ca half activation concentration for transient outward current 10 false false true K half activation concentration for transient outward current false false in true false false in out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 0.28 false false true Conductance for transient outward K rectification false false out transient_outward_current_i_to true Transient outward current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Gating variable for transient outward current false false in out true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_to</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>s</ci> <ci>g_to</ci> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Kc</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Km_to</ci> <ci>Kc</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <ci>Cai</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Km_Ca</ci> <ci>Cai</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Ki</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>Kc</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn> </apply> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> transient_outward_current_s_gate false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Rate coefficient for transient outward current false false true Rate coefficient for transient outward current 1 false false out true Gating variable for transient outward current false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_s</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0.033</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_s</ci> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">33</cn> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">8</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>s</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_s</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>s</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_s</ci> <ci>s</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math>