0.2 <documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation"> <article> <articleinfo> <title>Hilemann-Noble Atrial Cell Model 1987</title> <author> <firstname>Catherine</firstname> <surname>Lloyd</surname> <affiliation> <shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil> </affiliation> </author> </articleinfo> <section id="sec_status"> <title>Model Status</title> <para>This model is known to run in OpenCell and COR and reproduce the published results.</para> </section> <sect1 id="sec_structure"> <title>Model Structure</title> <para>ABSTRACT: Interactions of electrogenic sodium-calcium exchange, calcium channel and sarcoplasmic reticulum in the mammalian heart have been explored by simulation of extracellular calcium transients measured with tetramethylmurexide in rabbit atrium. The approach has been to use the simplest possible formulations of these mechanisms, which together with a minimum number of additional mechanisms allow reconstruction of action potentials, intracellular calcium transients and extracellular calcium transients. A 3:1 sodium-calcium exchange stoichiometry is assumed. Calcium-channel inactivation is assumed to take place by a voltage-dependent mechanism, which is accelerated by a rise in intracellular calcium; intracellular calcium release becomes a major physiological regulator of calcium influx via calcium channels. A calcium release mechanism is assumed, which is both calcium- and voltage-sensitive, and which undergoes prolonged inactivation. 200 microM cytosolic calcium buffer is assumed. For most simulations only instantaneous potassium conductances are simulated so as to study the other mechanisms independently of time- and calcium-dependent outward current. Thus, the model reconstructs extracellular calcium transients and typical action-potential configuration changes during steady-state and non-steady-state stimulation from the mechanisms directly involved in trans-sarcolemmal calcium movements. The model predicts relatively small trans-sarcolemmal calcium movements during regular stimulation (ca. 2 mumol kg-1 fresh mass per excitation); calcium current is fully activated within 2 ms of excitation, inactivation is substantially complete within 30 ms, and sodium-calcium exchange significantly resists repolarization from approximately -30 mV. Net calcium movements many times larger are possible during non-steady-state stimulation. Long action potentials at premature excitations or after inhibition of calcium release can be supported almost exclusively by calcium current (net calcium influx 5-30 mumol kg-1 fresh mass); action potentials during potentiated post-stimulatory contractions can be supported almost exclusively by sodium-calcium exchange (net calcium efflux 4-20 mumol kg-1 fresh mass). Large calcium movements between the extracellular space and the sarcoplasmic reticulum can take place through the cytosol with virtually no contractile activation. The simulations provide integrated explanations of electrical activity, contractile function and trans-sarcolemmal calcium movements, which were outside the explanatory range of previous models.</para> <para>The original paper reference is cited below:</para> <para> Excitation-contraction coupling and extracellular calcium transients in rabbit atrium: reconstruction of the basic cellular mechanisms, Hilemann, D.W. and Noble, D. 1987, <emphasis>Proc. R. Soc. Lond.</emphasis> , B230, 163-205. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=2884668&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 2884668</ulink> </para> <informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram"> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <objectinfo> <title>cell diagram of the Hilemann-Noble model showing ionic currents across the sarcolemma</title> </objectinfo> <imagedata fileref="hilgemann_noble_1987.png" /> </imageobject> </mediaobject> <caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the Hilemann-Noble model.</caption> </informalfigure> </sect1> </article> </documentation> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:j.0="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0"> <cmeta:modification> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d134371a-7ca9-4bc9-b15c-8311d6159199"> <cmeta:modifier> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b8bd0ccd-2a3d-467d-a4e8-4baeb73e1139"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#53f5e968-5a33-41dc-a08d-abf75f7a4684"> <vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modifier> <rdf:value>Made 2 new variables - dCaCalmoddt and dCaTropdt in component "intracellular_calcium_concentration," equated these variables to d(CaCalmod)/d(time) and d(CaTrop)/d(time), respectively. This was done to allow PCEnv 0.2 to run the model.</rdf:value> <dcterms:modified> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eb2cd150-322c-4782-8f7f-61662395f5f0"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-09-20T12:40:08+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:modified> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modification> <cmeta:modification> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0a11824d-79bb-4c95-bf67-f2a0c00a1ab1"> <cmeta:modifier> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7500468a-4c03-4b44-93f7-84fcc577f8d6"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9e7662b0-bfb4-4bb5-9d56-3c5f91e06e18"> <vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modifier> <rdf:value>Added stimulus protocol to allow simulation of trains of action potentials.</rdf:value> <dcterms:modified> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eee2dffe-700f-4485-9feb-f7ba7a90abc2"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-06-20T15:15:35+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:modified> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modification> <cmeta:modification> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#20f85be5-33d5-4183-8900-c02eccab3b39"> <cmeta:modifier> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5385f45f-9928-4da2-9654-e9c8651cbf57"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ad840cb5-5971-40f0-9319-0e4030e77505"> <vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modifier> <rdf:value>added cmeta:id's to some variables to facilitate creation of PCEnv session file</rdf:value> <dcterms:modified> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4ae6dde3-74ce-4ca7-b5f7-dc7e62c7db98"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-01-10T13:06:42+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:modified> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:modification> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#03dc2785-2130-4236-8a8f-f6a446d778d6"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#abf72336-d61e-48a4-98b5-a93673fcbbfd"> <vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>Penny</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> <vCard:EMAIL> <j.0:internet rdf:about="rdf:#40a75966-f864-4887-9e5c-aeb89bff221a"> <rdf:value>penny.noble@dpag.ox.ac.uk</rdf:value> </j.0:internet> </vCard:EMAIL> <vCard:ORG> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3af4e6f4-646d-4682-9e52-9556553ead7e"> <vCard:Orgunit>Department of Physiology, Anatomy &amp; Genetics</vCard:Orgunit> <vCard:Orgname>Oxford University</vCard:Orgname> </rdf:Description> </vCard:ORG> </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> <dcterms:created> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2b7e8a86-6166-4fd5-87da-24c9bd125230"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>2006-08-08T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:created> <cmeta:comment> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#db0c3b92-9d2c-496f-94a3-598d24393808"> <rdf:value>This version was created by Penny Noble of Oxford University and is known to run in both COR and PCEnv. The integration problems experienced with Version 03 are fixed in this version. A predefined operator diff error produced by PCEnv in the component intracellular_calcium_concentration of Penny Noble's version was fixed by James Lawson on 19/04/07. Due to the small stimulus duration, for this model to produce a train of action potentials, the max step size must be set at 0.001 or below and the number of points per graph must be over 10k.</rdf:value> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e890b153-d092-4b49-82f2-f9911da9f012"> <vCard:FN>James Lawson</vCard:FN> </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:comment> <dc:publisher>Department of Physiology, Anatomy &amp; Genetics, University of Oxford</dc:publisher> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#hilgemann_noble_1987"> <bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource"> <dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource"> <rdf:value> <rdf:Bag> <rdf:li>calcium dynamics</rdf:li> <rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li> <rdf:li>mouse</rdf:li> <rdf:li>atrial myocyte</rdf:li> <rdf:li>excitation-contraction coupling</rdf:li> </rdf:Bag> </rdf:value> <bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type> </dc:subject> </bqs:reference> <bqs:reference> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#04232c45-04f0-41b0-9715-172331d0657b"> <bqs:JournalArticle> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bc289a91-bdb7-40f3-b536-3d42cfc72a10"> <bqs:last_page>205</bqs:last_page> <dcterms:issued> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5cff8ec6-0045-4d69-8e94-d289fbe399b8"> <dcterms:W3CDTF>1987-03-23</dcterms:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </dcterms:issued> <bqs:Journal> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fbdca4db-2aa1-43f8-8403-6e0ff21c31c7"> <dc:title>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London - Series B</dc:title> </rdf:Description> </bqs:Journal> <bqs:first_page>163</bqs:first_page> <bqs:volume>230 1259</bqs:volume> <dc:title>Excitation-contraction coupling and extracellular calcium transients in rabbit atrium: reconstruction of basic cellular mechanisms</dc:title> <dc:creator> <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#ad4f3cee-6ff9-4cca-87c8-e8787cba2d16"> <rdf:li> <bqs:Person rdf:about="rdf:#f996572c-60c3-4ed7-b85d-3f4384e790c5"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#faf2c2c4-d017-469b-8b58-376884f7920e"> <vCard:Other>W</vCard:Other> <vCard:Family>Hilgemann</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>D</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </bqs:Person> </rdf:li> <rdf:li> <bqs:Person rdf:about="rdf:#acb80eaf-a6c7-4c8e-bb3c-eb755296fc47"> <vCard:N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a7f52ec9-28dd-4894-ad57-458b1c993791"> <vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family> <vCard:Given>D</vCard:Given> </rdf:Description> </vCard:N> </bqs:Person> </rdf:li> </rdf:Seq> </dc:creator> </rdf:Description> </bqs:JournalArticle> <bqs:Pubmed_id>2884668</bqs:Pubmed_id> </rdf:Description> </bqs:reference> <cmeta:comment> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ad850d69-f419-4ac2-a62f-2dda69b76bb0"> <rdf:value>This is a CellML representation of Hilgeman et al.'s 1987 model of the basic cellular mechanisms of excitation-contraction coupling and Ca++ handling in the rabbit atrial myocyte.</rdf:value> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a708b6db-13cb-42be-878b-a4151c035753"> <vCard:FN>James Lawson</vCard:FN> </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:comment> <dc:title>unknown</dc:title> <ns7:simulation> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$lPjdE1"> <ns7:boundIntervals> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$mPjdE1"> <rdf:first> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$nPjdE1"> <ns7:maximumStepSize>0.001</ns7:maximumStepSize> <ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>200000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity> <ns7:endingValue>5</ns7:endingValue> </rdf:Description> </rdf:first> <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/> </rdf:Description> </ns7:boundIntervals> </rdf:Description> </ns7:simulation> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> C:\Users\Christopher\Dropbox\Work Related\Annotated Models\Hilgemann_1987\hilgemann_noble_1987.cellml Chris Thompson hilgemann_noble_1987 hilgemann_noble_1987 thompsct@umich.edu Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 Chemical molar flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00592 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 (Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-2 subunit) (EC 3.6.3.9) (Sodium pump subunit alpha-2) (P50993) http://identifiers.org/uniprot/P50993 Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR-2) (RyR2) (hRYR-2) (Cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor) (Cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel) (Type 2 ryanodine receptor) (Q92736) http://identifiers.org/uniprot/Q92736 sodium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29101 potassium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29103 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 Troponin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62338 Calmodulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62343 Portion of extracellular matrix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9672 Cardiac myocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14067 Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62387 Plasma membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841 Portion of cytosol http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66836 A physical entity that is defined by linking multiple physical entity terms with structural relations. A mathematical and/or logical expression that determines the value of a data structure. An element of a SemSim model that relates to the mathematical or logical representation of physical quantities or qualities. A physical dependency defined in a specific SemSim model. A physical entity defined in a specific SemSim model. A physical process defined in a specific SemSim model. A physical property defined in a specific SemSim model. A computational element that stores numerical and/or logical information related to the model. A data structure whose value is limited to decimals. A data structure whose value is limited to the whole numbers. A data structure unique to JSim's Mathematical Modeling Language (MML) used to set one or more model input values at runtime. A quantitative relation between values of physical properties that occurs over a span of time and that determines the time-course of a physical process. A physics analytical entity that represents the material, energy, and/or information content of material or immaterial, space-occupying continuants. A SemSim model element used to represent, in whole or in part, the physical meaning of a computational element. A physical processural entity that is a flow, or the control of a flow, of energy and/or information amongst physical continuants that are participants in the physical process. A physical attribute of an instance of a physical entity, an occurrence of a physical process, or a physical dependency that has a quantitative value that is measurable by a physical device or method, or is computable from such values. A data structure whose value is limited to the real numbers. A physical dependency that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource. A physical entity that is defined using a term from an external knowledge resource. A physical process that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource. A physical property that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource. A logical expression that constrains, but does not define, the value of a data structure. Example: x > 0. A computational or physical element of a SemSim model. A grouping of one or more data structures that comprise a computationally or physically distinct part of a model or submodel. A physical quantity chosen as a standard in terms of which other physical quantities may be expressed. sodium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29101 sodium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29101 potassium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29103 potassium(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29103 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 calcium(2+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29108 Ca background current across plasma membrane of cardiac myocyte 1.0 1.0 1.0 Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol of cardiac myocyte 1.0 1.0 1.0 Ca uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum 1.0 1.0 Cardiac myocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14067 Fast sodium channel current across plasma membrane 1.0 1.0 Intercellular cleft Channel between two tightly packed cell. Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62387 Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62387 K background current across plasma membrane of the cardiac myocyte 1.0 1.0 1.0 Muscle Bath NaCa exchange pump current across plasma membrane 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Na_Ca_exchanger false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular calcium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 0.0001 false false true Denominator constant for i_NaCa 0.5 false false true Position of energy barrier controlling voltage-dependence of i_NaCa Na_Ca_exchanger_i_NaCa false false out true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 0.01 false false true scaling factor for i_NaCa 3 false false true Stoichiometry of Na-Ca exchange false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>k_NaCa</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>gamma</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <ci>Na_i</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> <ci>Ca_o</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>gamma</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <ci>Na_o</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> <ci>Ca_i</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn> <apply> <times /> <ci>d_NaCa</ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <power /> <ci>Na_o</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>Ca_o</ci> <apply> <power /> <ci>Na_i</ci> <ci>n_NaCa</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> Na background current across plasma membrane of cardiac myocyte 1.0 1.0 1.0 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 (Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-2 subunit) (EC 3.6.3.9) (Sodium pump subunit alpha-2) (P50993) http://identifiers.org/uniprot/P50993 Plasma membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841 Portion of cytosol http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66836 Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR-2) (RyR2) (hRYR-2) (Cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor) (Cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel) (Type 2 ryanodine receptor) (Q92736) http://identifiers.org/uniprot/Q92736 Sarcoplasmic Ca transfer current 1.0 1.0 Sarcoplasmic reticulum uptake store Secondary Ca channel inward current 1.0 1.0 Secondary K channel inward current 1.0 1.0 Secondary Na channel inward current 1.0 1.0 Secondary channel inward current 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Sodium-Potassium Pump Current 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Time independent K channel current 1.0 1.0 ampere true coulomb true coulomb_per_mole -1.0 farad true joule true joule_per_kilomole_kelvin -1.0 kilo -1.0 kelvin true litre true metre true microF micro microS micro micrometre micro micrometre3 3.0 micro millimolar -1.0 milli millimolar_per_second -1.0 millivolt milli mole true nanoA nano nanoA_per_millimolar -1.0 per_millimolar_second -1.0 -1.0 per_second -1.0 second true siemens true true volt calcium_background_current false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular calcium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false out true Calcium reversal potential false false in true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 0.005 false false true Calcium background conductance calcium_background_current_i_b_Ca false false out true Calcium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E_Ca</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Ca_o</ci> <ci>Ca_i</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_b_Ca</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_b_Ca</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_Ca</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> calcium_release 0 false false true Activator molecule fraction false false true Release channel activation rate false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Ca concentrations in s.r. release store Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false true Release channel inactivation rate 0 false false true Release channel Ca leak rate 250 false false true SR Ca release current maximal release rate false false true Activator precursor molecule fraction 0 false false true Activator molecule inactive product fraction false false true Regulatory binding sites occupied by Ca. false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Voltage dependence of release calcium_release_i_rel false false out true Ca release from junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol Chemical molar flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00592 false false in true Time - Solution Domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>PrecFrac</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>ActFrac</ci> </apply> <ci>ProdFrac</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>VoltDep</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.08</cn> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>RegBindSite</ci> <apply> <power /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0005</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>ActRate</ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">600</cn> <ci>VoltDep</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">500</cn> <ci>RegBindSite</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>InactRate</ci> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">60</cn> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">500</cn> <ci>RegBindSite</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>ActFrac</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>PrecFrac</ci> <ci>ActRate</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>ActFrac</ci> <ci>InactRate</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>ProdFrac</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>ActFrac</ci> <ci>InactRate</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0.6</cn> <ci>ProdFrac</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_rel</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>ActFrac</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>ActFrac</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.25</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>K_m_rel</ci> </apply> <ci>K_leak_rate</ci> </apply> <ci>Ca_rel</ci> </apply> </apply> </math> calcium_translocation false false in true Ca concentrations in s.r. release store Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Ca concentration in s.r. uptake store Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 50 false false true Rate coefficient for Ca translocation calcium_translocation_i_trans false false out true Ca transferred into releasable form Chemical molar flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00592 false false in true Time - Solution Domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_trans</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Ca_up</ci> <ci>Ca_rel</ci> </apply> <ci>alpha_tr</ci> </apply> </apply> </math> environment environment_time false false out true Time solution domain extracellular_calcium_concentration 2 false false out true Extracellular calcium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 2 false false true Ca concentration in the muscle bath Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Faraday Constant 0.0005 false false true Rate constant of exchange between extracellular space and the muscle bath false false in true Total extracellular volume false false in true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Calcium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Calcium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time - Solution Domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ca_o</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Cab</ci> <ci>Ca_o</ci> </apply> <ci>K_diff</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_siCa</ci> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> <ci>i_b_Ca</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>Ve</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> extracellular_potassium_concentration 4 false false out true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 extracellular_sodium_concentration 140 false false out true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 fast_sodium_current containment encapsulation containment encapsulation false false true Reversal potential for sodium channel false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true false false in out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 50 false false true Conductance of fast sodium current channels false false in true Gating variable for h gate false false fast_sodium_current_i_Na out true TTX sensittive fast Na current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Activation gate and rate coefficient false false in out true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E_mh</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Na_o</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn> <ci>K_c</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Na_i</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn> <ci>K_i</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_Na</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_Na</ci> <apply> <power /> <ci>m</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn> </apply> <ci>h</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_mh</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> fast_sodium_current_h_gate false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Inactivation gate and rate coefficient false false true Inactivation gate and rate coefficient 0.015 false false out true Gating variable for h gate false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_h</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">20</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.125</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_h</ci> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">320</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>h</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_h</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>h</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_h</ci> <ci>h</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> fast_sodium_current_m_gate false false true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Activation gate and rate coefficient false false true Activation gate and rate coefficient 1e-5 false false true 0.076 false false out true Activation gate and rate coefficient false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E0_m</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">41</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_m</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_m</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_m</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">200</cn> <ci>E0_m</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn> </apply> <ci>E0_m</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_m</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">8000</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.056</cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">66</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>m</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_m</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>m</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_m</ci> <ci>m</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> Troponin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62338 Calmodulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62343 Portion of extracellular matrix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9672 intracellular_calcium_concentration 0.0005 false false true Concentration of Ca bound calmodulin in the cytosol Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 0.0015 false false true Concentration of Ca bound troponin in the cytosol Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 1e-5 false false intracellular_calcium_concentration_Ca_i out true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 0.3 false false out true Ca concentrations in s.r. release store Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 0.3 false false out true Ca concentration in s.r. uptake store Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 0.02 false false true Total calmodulin concentration in the cytosol Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Faraday Constant 0.15 false false true Total troponin concentration in the cytosol Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false true Cell volume 0.4 false false true Fraction of volume taken by extracellular space false false out true Total intracellular volume false false true Ratio of intracellular volume and total cell volume 0.1 false false true Ratio of JSR volume and total cell volume 0.01 false false true Ratio of SR uptake component volume and total cell volume false false out true Total extracellular volume 100000 false false true Ca-calmodulin binding rate constant 100000 false false true Ca-troponin binding rate constant 50 false false true Ca-calmodulin dissociation rate constant 200 false false true Ca-troponin dissociation rate constant false false true Redundant and unused codeword false false true Redundant and unused codeword false false in true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Calcium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Ca release from junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol Chemical molar flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00592 false false in true Calcium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Ca transferred into releasable form Chemical molar flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00592 false false in true Ca uptake into SR expressed as a current Chemical molar flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00592 0.08 false false true length of preparation 0.08 false false true radius of preparation false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>V_Cell</ci> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3.141592654</cn> <apply> <power /> <ci>radius</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>length</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>V_i_ratio</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>V_e_ratio</ci> </apply> <ci>V_up_ratio</ci> </apply> <ci>V_rel_ratio</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>V_i</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>V_Cell</ci> <ci>V_i_ratio</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>Ve</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>V_Cell</ci> <ci>V_e_ratio</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ca_i</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>V_i</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_siCa</ci> <ci>i_b_Ca</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>i_rel</ci> <ci>V_rel_ratio</ci> </apply> <ci>V_i_ratio</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>dCaCalmoddt</ci> </apply> <ci>dCaTropdt</ci> </apply> <ci>i_up</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ca_up</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>V_i_ratio</ci> <ci>V_up_ratio</ci> </apply> <ci>i_up</ci> </apply> <ci>i_trans</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ca_rel</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>V_up_ratio</ci> <ci>V_rel_ratio</ci> </apply> <ci>i_trans</ci> </apply> <ci>i_rel</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ca_Calmod</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_Calmod</ci> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Calmod</ci> <ci>Ca_Calmod</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_Calmod</ci> <ci>Ca_Calmod</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Ca_Trop</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_Trop</ci> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Trop</ci> <ci>Ca_Trop</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_Trop</ci> <ci>Ca_Trop</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>dCaCalmoddt</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_Calmod</ci> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Calmod</ci> <ci>Ca_Calmod</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_Calmod</ci> <ci>Ca_Calmod</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>dCaTropdt</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_Trop</ci> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>Trop</ci> <ci>Ca_Trop</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_Trop</ci> <ci>Ca_Trop</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> intracellular_potassium_concentration false false in true Faraday Constant 140 false false out true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Total intracellular volume false false in true Time independent K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true NaK exchange pump current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Background K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Potassium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>K_i</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>V_i</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_K1</ci> <ci>i_siK</ci> <ci>i_b_K</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> <ci>i_NaK</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> intracellular_sodium_concentration false false in true Faraday Constant 6.5 false false out true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Total intracellular volume false false in true TTX sensittive fast Na current false false in true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true NaK exchange pump current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Sodium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Sodium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>Na_i</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn> <ci>V_i</ci> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_Na</ci> <ci>i_b_Na</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>i_NaK</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn> </apply> <ci>i_siNa</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> membrane containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment containment 0.006 false false true Membrane capacitance 96485.3415 false false out true Faraday Constant 8314.472 false false out true Boltzmann constant false false out true 310 false false out true Temperature -88 false false membrane_V out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false in true Time independent K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true TTX sensittive fast Na current false false in true Na-Ca exchange current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true NaK exchange pump current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false true Experimental stimulation current false false in true Calcium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Background K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Sodium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Total TTX-insensitive inward current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 -200 false false true 0.002 false false true 10000 false false true 1 false false true 0.1 false false true false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>R</ci> <ci>T</ci> </apply> <ci>F</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_Stim</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <ci>stim_amplitude</ci> <apply> <and /> <apply> <geq /> <ci>time</ci> <ci>stim_start</ci> </apply> <apply> <leq /> <ci>time</ci> <ci>stim_end</ci> </apply> <apply> <leq /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>time</ci> <ci>stim_start</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <floor /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>time</ci> <ci>stim_start</ci> </apply> <ci>stim_period</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>stim_period</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>stim_duration</ci> </apply> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="nanoA">0</cn> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>V</ci> </apply> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_Stim</ci> <ci>i_K1</ci> <ci>i_b_Na</ci> <ci>i_b_Ca</ci> <ci>i_b_K</ci> <ci>i_NaK</ci> <ci>i_NaCa</ci> <ci>i_Na</ci> <ci>i_si</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>C_m</ci> </apply> </apply> </math> potassium_background_current false false in true Potassium reversal potential false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 0.17 false false true Potassium background conductance false false out true Background K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time - Solution Domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_b_K</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_b_K</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_K</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Ca concentration in s.r. uptake store Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false true false false true 0.0003 false false true Cytosolic Ca/enzyme reaction rate 0.5 false false true SR Ca/enzyme reaction rate 0.4 false false true 3 false false true SR Ca uptake forward reaction rate constant 0.23 false false true SR Ca uptake back ard reaction rate constant false false out true Ca uptake into SR expressed as a current Chemical molar flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00592 false false in true Time - Solution Domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>K_1</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>K_cyca</ci> <ci>K_xcs</ci> </apply> <ci>K_srca</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>K_2</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>Ca_up</ci> <ci>K_1</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>K_cyca</ci> <ci>K_xcs</ci> </apply> <ci>K_cyca</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_up</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <ci>K_2</ci> </apply> <ci>alpha_up</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Ca_up</ci> <ci>K_1</ci> </apply> <ci>K_2</ci> </apply> <ci>beta_up</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> second_inward_calcium_current containment encapsulation containment encapsulation false false in true Active, unbound regulatory states false false in out true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular calcium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 5 false false true false false in true false false in out true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false in true Activation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel false false in true Fraction of channels inactivated by voltage-dependent process. false false out true Total TTX-insensitive inward current false false out true Calcium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false out true Potassium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false out true Sodium component of fast Ca current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in out true Time - Solution Domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_si</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>i_siCa</ci> <ci>i_siK</ci> <ci>i_siNa</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_siCa</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn> <ci>P_si</ci> <ci>d</ci> <ci>CaChon</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>Ca_o</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_siK</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.002</cn> <ci>P_si</ci> <ci>d</ci> <ci>CaChon</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>K_i</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>K_c</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_siNa</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01</cn> <ci>P_si</ci> <ci>d</ci> <ci>CaChon</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>Na_i</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>Na_o</ci> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn> </apply> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> second_inward_calcium_current_d_gate false false true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Activation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel false false true Activation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel 0.0011 false false out true Activation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel 0.0001 false false true false false in true Time - Solution Domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E0_d</ci> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">24</cn> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_d</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_d</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">30</cn> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_d</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_d</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">12</cn> <ci>E0_d</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>E0_d</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>d</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_d</ci> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>d</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>beta_d</ci> <ci>d</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> second_inward_calcium_current_f_Ca_gate false false true Fraction of regulatory sites occupied by Ca false false out true Active, unbound regulatory states false false in true Intracellular Ca concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false true Inactivation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel false false true Inactivation gating and rate coefficient for fast Ca current channel 0.0001 false false true 0.785 false false out true Fraction of channels inactivated by voltage-dependent process. false false in true Time - Solution Domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E0_f</ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci>V</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>alpha_f_Ca</ci> <piecewise> <piece> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">25</cn> <apply> <lt /> <apply> <abs /> <ci>E0_f</ci> </apply> <ci>delta_f</ci> </apply> </piece> <otherwise> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">6.25</cn> <ci>E0_f</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>E0_f</ci> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn> </apply> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> </apply> </apply> </otherwise> </piecewise> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>beta_f_Ca</ci> <apply> <divide /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">12</cn> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>E0_f</ci> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <diff /> <bvar> <ci>time</ci> </bvar> <ci>f_Ca</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">120</cn> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>f_Ca</ci> </apply> <ci>CaChoff</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>f_Ca</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>CaChoff</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <ci>beta_f_Ca</ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <ci>alpha_f_Ca</ci> <ci>f_Ca</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>CaChoff</ci> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Ca_i</ci> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.001</cn> <ci>Ca_i</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>CaChon</ci> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>f_Ca</ci> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <ci>CaChoff</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> sodium_background_current false false out true Sodium reversal potential false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Extracellular sodium concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 0.012 false false true Sodium background conductance false false out sodium_background_current_i_b_Na true Sodium background current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E_Na</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>Na_o</ci> <ci>Na_i</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_b_Na</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_b_Na</ci> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_Na</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> sodium_potassium_pump false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 1 false false true NaK pump K half activation concentration 40 false false true NaK pump Na half activation concentration false false in true Intracellular Na concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 false false out sodium_potassium_pump_i_NaK true NaK exchange pump current 14 false false true Maximum NaK exchane pump current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_NaK</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>i_NaK_max</ci> <ci>K_c</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>K_mK</ci> <ci>K_c</ci> </apply> </apply> <ci>Na_i</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>K_mNa</ci> <ci>Na_i</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math> time_independent_potassium_current false false out true Potassium reversal potential false false in true Potassium concentration in the extracellular cleft Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 false false in true Potassium intracellular concentration Chemical concentration http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00340 10 false false true K half-activation concentration for inward K rectifier false false in true false false in true Cardiac myocyte membrane potential Electrical potential http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00506 1.7 false false true Inward K rectifier conductance false false out time_independent_potassium_current_i_K1 true Time independent K current Charge flow rate http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#OPB_00318 false false in true Time solution domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <apply> <eq /> <ci>E_K</ci> <apply> <times /> <ci>RTONF</ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <divide /> <ci>K_c</ci> <ci>K_i</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <eq /> <ci>i_K1</ci> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <ci>g_K1</ci> <ci>K_c</ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci>K_c</ci> <ci>K_m_K1</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_K</ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn> <apply> <exp /> <apply> <divide /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <minus /> <apply> <minus /> <ci>V</ci> <ci>E_K</ci> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn> </apply> <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn> </apply> <ci>RTONF</ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </math>