- Author:
- Shelley Fong <sfon036@UoA.auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2024-10-04 14:50:32+13:00
- Desc:
- Init
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/be5/rawfile/2e38776daba0e93b4d351bdeda70114a934a9ce0/exposure.rdf
Kidney
====================
The kidney works in filtering out unwanted solutes from blood in order to make urine, and reabsorbs what is needed in order to maintain homeostasis in blood. A kidney is made up of nephrons receiving blood via the renal artery, and returns the filtered blood to the renal veins. The filtered-out urine flows towards the bladder through the ureters.
.. csv-table:: Structural abbreviations
:header: Abbreviation, Name
:widths: 5, 9
CD, Collecting Duct
CNT, Connecting Tubule
DCT, Distal Convoluted Tubule
IMCD, Inner Medullary Collecting Duct
JGA, Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
OMCD, Outer Medullary Collecting Duct
PCT, Proximal Convoluted Tubule
TAL, Thick Ascending Limb
Pictures
===================
..
.. figure:: exposure/nephron_pic.png
:width: 50%
:align: center
:alt: nephron
Fig. 1. The nephron
There may be name overlap: DCT is part of TAL
Channels
===================
The following list contains the known membrane transporters along the nephron.
.. csv-table:: Transporters along the nephron
:header: "Channel name", "Alias", Gene, Structure
:widths: 7,7,7,7
KCNJ3, GIRK1/Kir3.1, `Uniprot 1 <https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P48549/entry>`_, `SMR 1 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P48549?csm=825A28ACE2873269>`_
Key: membrane: (Solutes) Sodium Na\ :sup:`+`, chloride Cl\ :sup:`-`, potassium K\ :sup:`+`, hydrogen H\ :sup:`+`, bicarbonate HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-`, ammonum NH\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`+`, phosphate PO\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`2+`
(membrane) A: apical (to filtrate), B basolateral (to blood), P: paracellular (to interstitial space).
Literature
===================
.. csv-table:: For further reading
:header: "Title", "Author"
:widths: 30, 15
"`Coupling of renal sodium and calcium transport: A modeling analysis
<https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542749v1>`_", "Hakimi et al."
Existing models
===================
.. csv-table:: Link to other PMR workspaces or exposures
:header: "Title", "Author"
:widths: 30, 15
"`BG_K_ACh <https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/bbf>`_", "S Fong"
Models denoted by [*] are not in bond graph form.
Models denoted by [^] are part of a whole cell model.
Other annotations
===================
.. csv-table::
:header: "Item", "Database"
:widths: 17, 15
"I(KACh) inward rectifier potassium channel complex", "`Gene Ontology <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1990566>`_"
