- Author:
- Shelley Fong <sfon036@UoA.auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2024-10-15 14:12:26+13:00
- Desc:
- More info added
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/be9/rawfile/067ca171d0f5e97dcb879861ff3f9be7e018403e/exposure.rst
Gastrointestinal Tract
========================
Pictures
===================
.. figure:: exposure/SI_picture.png
:width: 50%
:align: center
:alt: GI
Fig. 1. The small intestine, surrounded by the large intestine
.. csv-table:: Structural abbreviations
:header: Abbreviation, Name
:widths: 5, 9
C, Colon
DC, Descending Colon
Duod, Duodenum
Jej, Jejnum
PC, Proximal Colon
SI, small intestine
Solute transport
===================
The following list contains the known membrane transporters along the nephron.
.. csv-table:: Transporters along the nephron
:header: Abbrev, Channel name, Location, Membrane, Direction
:widths: 5,8,5, 4, 10
AE2, Anion Exchanger 2, throughout, B, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
bAE3, Anion Exchanger 3 (brain subtype), ileum/colon, B, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
Ca-ATPase, Calcium ATPase, Duod/early Jej, B, Ca out
CaT1, epithelial calcium channel (ECaC), Duod/early Jej, A, Ca in
CFTR, Cyastic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator, throughout, A, Cl\ :sup:`-` out
Cl, Chloride channel, throughout, P, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
ClC2, , throughout, B,
ClC4, chloride channel, throughout, A, Cl\ :sup:`-` out
DRA, downregulated in adenoma, Duod/ileum/C, A, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
ENaC, Epithelial sodium channel, DC, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in
GLUT2, Gluxcose transporter 2, SI, B, glu fru out
GLUT5, Gluxcose transporter 5, SI, A, fru in
H-K-ATPase, Hydrogen/potassium ATPase, DC, A, K\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
K, Potassium channel, throughout, B, K\ :sup:`+` out
`NBC <https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/87f>`_, Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, Duod/PC, B, NaHCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
NHE (Cl\ :sup:`-` dep), Sodium hydrogen exchanger (chloride-dependent), DC, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
`NHE1 <https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/880>`_, Sodium hydrogen exchanger 1, throughout, B, Na\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
`NHE2 <https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/880>`_, Sodium hydrogen exchanger 2, SI/DC, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
`NHE3 <https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/880>`_, Sodium hydrogen exchanger 3, SI/DC, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
`NKA <https://models.physiomeproject.org/e/bd7>`_, Sodium/potassium ATPase, throughout, B, 3 Na\ :sup:`+` out/2 K\ :sup:`+` in
NKCC1, Sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter 1, throughout, B, Na\ :sup:`+` out/K\ :sup:`+` out/Cl\ :sup:`-` out
NaPi-IIb, Sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Npt2b), SI, A, 3 Na\ :sup:`+`/PO\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`3-` in
PAT1, Putative anion transporter 1, Duod/ileum/C, A, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
SGLT1, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1, SI, A, 2 Na\ :sup:`+` in/glu in
?, , ileum/colon, A/P, Mg in
?, , throughout, P, PO\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`3-` in
Solutes: Sodium Na\ :sup:`+`, chloride Cl\ :sup:`-`, potassium K\ :sup:`+`, hydrogen H\ :sup:`+`, bicarbonate HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-`, phosphate PO\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`2+`, glu Glucose, fru Fructose.
Membrane: **A** apical (to filtrate), **B** basolateral (to blood), **P** paracellular (to interstitial space).
Direction: movement of solute under normal physiological conditions.
Literature
===================
.. csv-table:: For further reading
:header: Title, Author
:widths: 30, 15
`Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion <https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bpg.2016.02.007>`_, "Kiela and Ghishan"
`Intestinal ion transport and the pathophysiology of diarrhea <https://doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI18326>`_, "Field"
