- Author:
- Shelley Fong <sfon036@UoA.auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2024-10-15 11:59:55+13:00
- Desc:
- Init
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/be9/rawfile/6aa5b325869c4f968b0b5faf924242991b9aef7d/exposure.rst
Gastrointestinal Tract
========================
Pictures
===================
.. figure:: exposure/SI_picture.png
:width: 50%
:align: center
:alt: GI
Fig. 1. The small intestine, surrounded by the large intestine
.. csv-table:: Structural abbreviations
:header: Abbreviation, Name
:widths: 5, 9
C, Colon
DC, Descending Colon
Duod, Duodenum
Jej, Jejnum
PC, Proximal Colon
SI, small intestine
Solute transport
===================
The following list contains the known membrane transporters along the nephron.
.. csv-table:: Transporters along the nephron
:header: Abbrev, Channel name, Location, Membrane, Direction
:widths: 5,8,5, 4, 10
AE1, Anion exchanger 1, PCT/OMCD, A (PCT)/B (OMCD), Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
CFTR, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, DCT/CCD/IMCD, B, Cl\ :sup:`-` out
ENaC, Epithelial sodium channel, CNT/CD, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in
Glut2, Glucose transporter 2, early PCT, B, glu in
H-K-ATPase, Hydrogen/potassium ATPase, CNT/IMCD/OMCD, A, H\ :sup:`+` out/K\ :sup:`+` in
Na-Pi2, Sodium/phosphate cotransporter 2, PCT, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/PO\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`2+` in
NHE4, Sodium/hydrogen exchanger, PCT/TAL, A, Na\ :sup:`+` (or NH\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`+`) in/H\ :sup:`+` out
`NKA <https://models.physiomeproject.org/e/bd7>`_, Sodium/potassium ATPase, throughout, B, 3Na\ :sup:`+` out/2K\ :sup:`+` (or NH\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`+`) in
NKCC2, Sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter, TAL, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/2Cl\ :sup:`-` in\ :sup:`-`/K\ :sup:`+` (or NH\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`+`) in
SGLT1, Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1, late PCT, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/glu in
AE2, , throughout, B, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
bAE3, , ileum/colon, B, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
CaATPase, , Duod/early Jej, B, Ca out
CaT1, epithelial Ca channel (ECaC), Duod/early Jej, A, Ca in
CFTR, , throughout, A, Cl\ :sup:`-` out
Cl (p), , throughout, P, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
ClC2, , throughout, B,
ClC4, chloride channel, throughout, A, Cl\ :sup:`-` out
DRA, downregulated in adenoma, Duod/ileum/C, A, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
ENaC, , DC, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in
GLUT2, , SI, B, glu fru out
GLUT5, , SI, A, fru in
HKATPase, , DC, A, K\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
K, , throughout, B, K\ :sup:`+` out
NBC, , Duod/PC, B, NaHCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
NHE (Cl\ :sup:`-` dep), , DC, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
NHE1, , throughout, B, Na\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
NHE2, , SI/DC, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
NHE3, , SI/DC, A, Na\ :sup:`+` in/H\ :sup:`+` out
NKA, , throughout, B, Na\ :sup:`+` out/K\ :sup:`+` in
NKCC1, , throughout, B, Na\ :sup:`+` out/K\ :sup:`+` out/Cl\ :sup:`-` out
NaPi-IIb, sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Npt2b), SI, A, 3 Na\ :sup:`+`/PO\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`3-` in
PAT1, , Duod/ileum/C, A, Cl\ :sup:`-` in/HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-` out
SGLT1, , SI, A, 2 Na\ :sup:`+` in/glu in
?, , ileum/colon, A/P, Mg in
?, , throughout, P, PO\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`3-` in
Solutes: Sodium Na\ :sup:`+`, chloride Cl\ :sup:`-`, potassium K\ :sup:`+`, hydrogen H\ :sup:`+`, bicarbonate HCO\ :sub:`3`\ :sup:`-`, phosphate PO\ :sub:`4`\ :sup:`2+`, glu Glucose, fru Fructose.
Membrane: **A** apical (to filtrate), **B** basolateral (to blood), **P** paracellular (to interstitial space).
Direction: movement of solute under normal physiological conditions.
Literature
===================
.. csv-table:: For further reading
:header: Title, Author
:widths: 30, 15
Existing models
===================
.. csv-table:: Link to other PMR workspaces or exposures
:header: "Title"
:widths: 30
