- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2009-06-17 14:56:58+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version02 of lenbury_pacheenburawana_1991
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/lenbury_pacheenburawana_1991/rawfile/6500d3e52b1cf34871a7e587345b76d6bfcd2ff2/lenbury_pacheenburawana_1991.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : lenbury_model_1991.xml
CREATED : 18th June 2007
LAST MODIFIED : 18th June 2007
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.1 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Lenbury and Pacheenburawana's 1991 mathematical model of plasma cortisol secretion fluctuations.
CHANGES:
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="lenbury_model_1991" name="lenbury_pacheenburawana_model_1991_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Modelling insulin kinetics in response to oral glucose administration</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Biological systems often display periodicity and oscillatory behaviour. Several studies have described the fluctuations in plasma corticosteroid levels in humans. Through these investigations it has become clear that although many hormones cycle smoothly through circadian rhythms, on a shorter timescale their levels can experience much sharper changes; especially during the latter half of sleep. These secretory bursts during the early morning sleep period are a biological reality rather than a sampling artifact.
</para>
<para>
The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is synthesised in the hypothalamus and is carried to the anterior pituitary gland where it stimulates cells to produce adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). In turn, ACTH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of cortisol (F). Cortisol exerts a negative feedback effect on the ACTH secretion in the pituitary and also suppresses CRH synthesis in the hypothalamus. In addition, there is also a negative feedback effect of ACTH on the secretion of CRH. Therefore the entire process can be thought of as a self-regulating system, as summarised in the figure below).
</para>
<para>
The current CellML file describes a mathematical model of this self-regulating system, published by Lenbury <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> (1991). The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2K-49NH733-50&_user=140507&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1991&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%234921%231991%23999739997%23460273%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=4921&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=6&_acct=C000011498&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=140507&md5=4e4ae6ba90b2352dec19f3fd2a7f05ee">Modelling fluctuation phenomena in the plasma cortisol secretion system in normal man.</ulink>, Yongwimon Lenbury and Pariwatana Pacheenburawana, 1991, <ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03032647">
<emphasis>BioSystems</emphasis>
</ulink>, 26, 117-125. (A PDF version of the article is available to journal subscribers on the <emphasis>BioSystems</emphasis> website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1668715&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 1668715</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="lenbury_1991.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the self-regulatory system for corticol secretion. CRH represents corticotropin-releasing hormone, ACTH is adrenocorticotropic hormone, and F represents cortisol. The red lines represent positive feedback pathways, while the blue lines represent negative feedback loops.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<component name="environment">
<variable units="second" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="x" name="x">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="x"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="alpha" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="D" initial_value="0.8228"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="8.1252"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="b"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="z"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="u"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci> x </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> a </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> z </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> b </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> y </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> D </ci>
<ci> u </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<ci> x </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="y" name="y">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="beta" initial_value="0.38"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="b"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="z"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="x"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci> y </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<ci> x </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> b </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> z </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<ci> y </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="z" name="z">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="z"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma" initial_value="0.6"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci> z </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<ci> y </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<ci> z </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="u" name="u">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="u"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="omega" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> u </ci>
<apply>
<cos/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<ci> time </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="model_constants">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="b" initial_value="1.091"/>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="x"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="y"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="z"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="u"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="y" component_1="x"/>
<map_variables variable_2="y" variable_1="y"/>
<map_variables variable_2="x" variable_1="x"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="y" component_1="z"/>
<map_variables variable_2="y" variable_1="y"/>
<map_variables variable_2="z" variable_1="z"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="x" component_1="z"/>
<map_variables variable_2="z" variable_1="z"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="u" component_1="x"/>
<map_variables variable_2="u" variable_1="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_constants" component_1="x"/>
<map_variables variable_2="b" variable_1="b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_constants" component_1="y"/>
<map_variables variable_2="b" variable_1="b"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#62cd98a3-3340-4195-9187-0ab991c5eab9">
<rdf:li>cortisol</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>endocrine</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#a62cc4b7-2656-49ca-b3a8-cd8b2783b45b">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#36980057-255c-4731-ae86-6949da25648c"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#8cb807b9-8e10-4539-814a-a15a738f156e"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#29063455-1832-46d4-b041-54fb0ff202a1">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value rdf:resource="rdf:#62cd98a3-3340-4195-9187-0ab991c5eab9"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:publisher>The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute</dc:publisher>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#ae708714-c2a5-4302-a389-36aa59da5edb"/>
<dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#a88040a7-0586-4744-a891-a6a2873893b0"/>
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#74591caf-5409-4edc-81d1-80a7a1f18a0d"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#f516b5bf-3c23-488a-ae1a-6450f9d97fba"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#36980057-255c-4731-ae86-6949da25648c">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#71b5215f-1bf2-49e8-9043-fd3ea94c9cfd"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ff78f070-a0e9-4872-8a79-99039eef3e8a">
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#82c3bd86-d7d4-4a68-bd66-2db213c2fcee">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>1991-00-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b7ca4040-22ba-495b-a4d6-87a2d4893f07">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#a62cc4b7-2656-49ca-b3a8-cd8b2783b45b"/>
<dc:title>Modelling fluctuation phenomena in the plasma cortisol secretion system in normal man</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>26</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>117</bqs:first_page>
<bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#037b859a-48f6-49d4-ac7d-15f85debfe49"/>
<dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#82c3bd86-d7d4-4a68-bd66-2db213c2fcee"/>
<bqs:last_page>125</bqs:last_page>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b6ccef2f-ce16-4a60-a236-1922fcec51f4">
<vCard:Given>Pariwatana</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Pacheenburawana</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a0c4bc06-c6a0-43e7-b015-b5965f489006">
<dc:subject rdf:resource="rdf:#29063455-1832-46d4-b041-54fb0ff202a1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d1da35ad-0973-49e4-b327-ab4f588cf03e">
<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#037b859a-48f6-49d4-ac7d-15f85debfe49">
<dc:title>BioSystems</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="/u">
<dcterms:alternative>glucose absorption</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:title>u</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="/z">
<dcterms:alternative>cortisol</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:title>z</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="/x">
<dcterms:alternative>CRH</dcterms:alternative>
<dcterms:alternative>corticotropin releasing hormone</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:title>x</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="/y">
<dcterms:alternative>ACTH</dcterms:alternative>
<dcterms:alternative>adrenocorticotropic hormone</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:title>y</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#67b91ecb-8651-4d46-9d51-d1ccbd0b298e">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#a3ed552c-c45d-4e7d-b5fa-5f7a82e9458a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ae708714-c2a5-4302-a389-36aa59da5edb">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#d1da35ad-0973-49e4-b327-ab4f588cf03e"/>
<rdf:value>I've checked the model in COR and I've made all the units (except time) dimensionless to be true to the paper. I've also replaced the stimulus equation with a cosine function. This is the original stimulus. The equation I'd included in the previous model was taken from a theoretical study. I think the CellML model can recreate the original model's results. I can't be 100% sure though as the figures published in the paper are based on altering the model in a matrix form... and I can't set those initial conditions because they're not mentioned in the core model.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3ba414d7-5552-4862-9ed0-e772fbd49990">
<bqs:Pubmed_id>1668715</bqs:Pubmed_id>
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#b7ca4040-22ba-495b-a4d6-87a2d4893f07"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#29b17695-5cc3-4243-9300-a5580b13498b">
<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8cb807b9-8e10-4539-814a-a15a738f156e">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#b6ccef2f-ce16-4a60-a236-1922fcec51f4"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f516b5bf-3c23-488a-ae1a-6450f9d97fba">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#409942d3-c1e5-45d4-bb47-409d5e2288fb"/>
<rdf:value>I've checked the model in COR and I've made all the units (except time) dimensionless to be true to the paper. I've also replaced the stimulus equation with a cosine function. This is the original stimulus. The equation I'd included in the previous model was taken from a theoretical study. I think the CellML model can recreate the original model's results. I can't be 100% sure though as the figures published in the paper are based on altering the model in a matrix form... and I can't set those initial conditions because they're not mentioned in the core model.</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#67b91ecb-8651-4d46-9d51-d1ccbd0b298e"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#409942d3-c1e5-45d4-bb47-409d5e2288fb">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-09-03T08:45:42+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c89fac29-abea-47e0-a5d8-dacdbf72dc39">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#29b17695-5cc3-4243-9300-a5580b13498b"/>
<rdf:value>This is the CellML description of Lenbury and Pacheenburawana's 1991 mathematical model of plasma cortisol secretion fluctuations.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#74591caf-5409-4edc-81d1-80a7a1f18a0d">
<vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#f42dad4f-f453-4ee6-8a00-7569e7849215"/>
<vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#9f584c17-e686-4a44-b335-eaa712234bc2"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#ff78f070-a0e9-4872-8a79-99039eef3e8a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9f584c17-e686-4a44-b335-eaa712234bc2">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
<rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#71b5215f-1bf2-49e8-9043-fd3ea94c9cfd">
<vCard:Given>Yongwimon</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lenbury</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f42dad4f-f453-4ee6-8a00-7569e7849215">
<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#lenbury_model_1991">
<dc:title>
Lenbury and Pacheenburawana's 1991 mathematical model of plasma cortisol secretion fluctuations.
</dc:title>
<cmeta:bio_entity>cortisol</cmeta:bio_entity>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#c89fac29-abea-47e0-a5d8-dacdbf72dc39"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#3ba414d7-5552-4862-9ed0-e772fbd49990"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#a0c4bc06-c6a0-43e7-b015-b5965f489006"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a88040a7-0586-4744-a891-a6a2873893b0">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-06-18T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a3ed552c-c45d-4e7d-b5fa-5f7a82e9458a">
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
