- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2009-06-17 15:21:36+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version08 of noble_varghese_kohl_noble_1998
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/noble_varghese_kohl_noble_1998/rawfile/400b8206dde7a34d015a55da53a258946e1f3d9f/noble_varghese_kohl_noble_1998_a.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : noble_model_1998.xml
CREATED : 18th December 2001
LAST MODIFIED : 22nd July 2002
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Department of Engineering Science
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the 16/1/02 CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Noble's 1998 improved
guinea-pig ventricular cell model.
CHANGES:
04/01/2002 - CML - Altered some of the connections.
21/01/2002 - AAC - Updated metadata to conform to the 16/1/02 CellML Metadata
1.0 Specification.
25/02/2002 - CML - Corrected i_K1 and i_K_ACh calculations.
26/02/2002 - CML - Corrected several more equations.
01/03/2002 - CML - Corrected units.
06/05/2002 - CML - Added some initial values. Removed the blocked h_gate
component from the fast sodium current as it belongs to a
separate model which considers the effect of drugs.
22/07/2002 - CML - Added more metadata.
08/02/2003 - DPN - Added encapsulation hierarchy for transient_outward_current.
04/11/2007 - PJN - Units checked, curated
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" cmeta:id="noble_varghese_kohl_noble_1998_basic" name="noble_varghese_kohl_noble_1998_basic">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Noble Ventricular Cell Model 1998</title>
<author>
<firstname>Penny</firstname>
<surname>Noble</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Oxford University</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This version has been curated and unit checked by Penny Noble and is known to run into COR and PCEnv. This variant is parameterised for the BASIC model, excluding acetylcholine dependent modulation and electromechanical processes. This model is also associated with a PCEnv session file.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>In their 1998 paper, Denis Noble, Anthony Varghese, Peter Kohl and Penny Noble extended the guinea-pig ventricular cell model (originally developed in 1991 by Noble <emphasis>et al</emphasis>) to include accumulation and depletion of calcium in a diadic space between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, where the majority of calcium-induced calcium release is triggered. The model also includes rapid (i_Kr) and slow (i_Ks) components of the delayed rectifier current, and length- and tension-dependent changes in mechanical and electrophysiological processes have been incorporated (see <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/> below). Drug-receptor interactions have also started to be modeled using the sodium channel as an example. The drugs used have the effect of blocking the inactivation h-gate of the fast sodium channel.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.pulsus.com/CARDIOL/14_01/nobl_ed.htm">Improved guinea-pig ventricular cell model incorporating a diadic space, I<subscript>Kr</subscript> and I<subscript>Ks</subscript>, and length- and tension-dependent processes</ulink>, Denis Noble, Anthony Varghese, Peter Kohl and Penelope Noble, 1998, <ulink url="http://www.pulsus.com/CARDIOL/home.htm">
<emphasis>Can J Cardiol</emphasis>
</ulink>, 14, 123-134. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9487284&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 9487284</ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the Noble'98 model can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>. For an example of a more complete documentation for an electrophysiological model, see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>cell diagram of Noble'98 model showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="noble_1998.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the Noble'98 model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<eq/>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>xs</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="xs" initial_value="0.001302"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_xs"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_xs"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">14</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_Na" initial_value="2.5"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_mh"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_mh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="0.0016203"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_m"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_m"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="delta_m" initial_value="1e-5"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E0_m"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">41</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_m</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">200</cn>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">8000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.056</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">66</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="0.9944036"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_h"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_h"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="shift_h" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">20</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<ci>shift_h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">320</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<ci>shift_h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="persistent_sodium_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_p_Na"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_pna" initial_value="0.004"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_p_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_pna</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">52</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_b_Na"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_bna" initial_value="0.0006"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bna</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_K_cyt"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_K_ds"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_Na_ds"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="nanoA_per_millimolar" name="P_Ca_L" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_CaK" initial_value="0.002"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_CaNa" initial_value="0.01"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_ds"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f2ds"/>
<variable units="millimolar" private_interface="out" name="Km_f2" initial_value="100000"/>
<variable units="millimolar" private_interface="out" name="Km_f2ds" initial_value="0.001"/>
<variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" private_interface="out" name="R_decay" initial_value="20"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="FrICa" initial_value="1"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_CaK</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_CaNa</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<ci>P_CaK</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<ci>P_CaNa</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_d"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_d"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E0_d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="speed_d" initial_value="3"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">24</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">30</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">12</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>speed_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_f"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_f"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="speed_f" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="delta_f" initial_value="0.0001"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E0_f"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">25</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_f</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">6.25</cn>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">12</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>speed_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f2" initial_value="0.9349197"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Km_f2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Km_f2</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>f2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f2ds" initial_value="0.9651958"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Km_f2ds"/>
<variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="R_decay"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ds"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R_decay</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Km_f2ds</ci>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_b_Ca"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_bca" initial_value="0.00025"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Ca"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_to" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="g_tos" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>g_tos</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>g_tos</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_s_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="0.9948645"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_s"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">0.033</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">33</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_r_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">333</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mK" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="40"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mK</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_calcium_exchanger">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa_ds"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="k_NaCa" initial_value="0.0005"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="n_NaCa" initial_value="3"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="d_NaCa" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="FRiNaCa" initial_value="0.001"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ds"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FRiNaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FRiNaCa</ci>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_1"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_cyca" initial_value="0.0003"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_xcs" initial_value="0.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_srca" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="alpha_up" initial_value="0.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="beta_up" initial_value="0.03"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_srca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_up</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>alpha_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>beta_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_translocation">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="i_trans"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">50</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_release">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="VoltDep"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="RegBindSite"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="CaiReg"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="CadsReg"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="ActRate"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="InactRate"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="K_leak_rate" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="K_m_rel" initial_value="250"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_Ca_cyt" initial_value="0.0005"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_Ca_ds" initial_value="0.01"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="PrecFrac"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ActFrac" initial_value="0.0042614"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ProdFrac" initial_value="0.4068154"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="SpeedRel"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ds"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_m_Ca_cyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CadsReg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>K_m_Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
</apply>
<ci>CadsReg</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">60</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">5</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>K_m_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_leak_rate</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="7.3321223"/>
<variable units="micrometre3" public_interface="in" name="V_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_Na_ds"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_p_Na</ci>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="2"/>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="4"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="136.5644281"/>
<variable units="micrometre3" public_interface="in" name="V_i"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_K_cyt"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_K_ds"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<ci>i_to</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="1.4e-5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ds" initial_value="1.88e-5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_up" initial_value="0.4531889"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_rel" initial_value="0.4481927"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_Calmod" initial_value="0.0005555"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_Trop" initial_value="0.0003542"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Calmod" initial_value="0.02"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Trop" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar_second" name="alpha_Calmod" initial_value="100000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_Calmod" initial_value="50"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar_second" name="alpha_Trop" initial_value="100000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_Trop" initial_value="200"/>
<variable units="micrometre" name="radius" initial_value="0.012"/>
<variable units="micrometre" name="length" initial_value="0.074"/>
<variable units="micrometre3" public_interface="out" name="V_i"/>
<variable units="micrometre3" name="V_Cell"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_i_ratio"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_ds_ratio" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_rel_ratio" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_e_ratio" initial_value="0.4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_up_ratio" initial_value="0.01"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="Kdecay" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="i_trans"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_ds"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_Ca"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.141592654</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>radius</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>length</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V_e_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<cn cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>V_ds_ratio</ci>
<ci>Kdecay</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<cn cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_ds_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>Kdecay</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_calcium_exchanger"/>
<component_ref component="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_translocation"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_release"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="reversal_potentials"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds"/>
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<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_ds"/>
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<connection>
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</connection>
<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
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<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Km_f2" variable_1="Km_f2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="f2ds" variable_1="f2ds"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ds" variable_1="Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Km_f2ds" variable_1="Km_f2ds"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R_decay" variable_1="R_decay"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="s" variable_1="s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_current_r_gate" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="r" variable_1="r"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_2="V_i" variable_1="V_i"/>
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<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ef673863-d66d-4c42-8c77-d54e0c09052a">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#43ec98ab-b2e3-40f2-aafb-b85094aa58de"/>
<rdf:value>Changed stim_end in stimulus protocol from 10.1 to 1,000,000 seconds</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#b95fcff2-ade7-41b6-b243-ec6f63a531e5"/>
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<vCard:Given>Penny</vCard:Given>
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<rdf:value>This file is a CellML description of Noble, Carghese, Kohl and Noble's 1998 extension of their 1991 guinea pig ventricular cell model. This model incorporates a diadic space, IKr and IKs currents, and length and tension dependent processes. Variant 1 is parameterised for the 'basic' model.
To simulate multiple action potentials with this model the following integrator parameters must be used: max step size must be 0.001 or less, max point density must be 10,000 or more.</rdf:value>
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<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#ec864569-4d73-44eb-ba38-c762ba445491"/>
<dc:title>Improved guinea-pig ventricular cell model incorporating a diadic space, IKr and IKs, and length- and tension-dependent processes.</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>14(1)</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>123</bqs:first_page>
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<bqs:last_page>134</bqs:last_page>
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<vCard:FN>James Lawson</vCard:FN>
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<rdf:value>Penny Noble was informed by a community member that INaCads was not included in the dCads/dt ODE and hence the system was out of balance. This has been fixed in version 07. An alteration was also made to the model to remove two differential expressions in the intracellular_calcium concentration component to allow PCEnv 0.2 to run the model.</rdf:value>
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<vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
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<rdf:li>ventricular myocyte</rdf:li>
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<rdf:value>This version was created by Penny Noble and is known to read into COR. James Lawson fixed an error (19/04/07) that prevented it reading in PCEnv (unsupported predefined operator diff in component intracellular_calcium_concentration. This variant of version 06 is parameterised for the BASIC model, excluding acetylcholine dependent modulation and electromechanical processes.</rdf:value>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-09-06T12:57:25+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-05-03T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:value>Note that the missing i_NCX_ds component was added to the dCai/dt rather than the dCads/dt equation in order to achieve balance in the model. </rdf:value>
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