- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2007-05-03 00:37:10+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version06 of noble_varghese_kohl_noble_1998
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/noble_varghese_kohl_noble_1998/rawfile/9cba1654c59380a3b5481d78c8c965d6cb6cedb2/noble_varghese_kohl_noble_1998_b.cellml
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<!--
This CellML file was generated on 06/02/2007 at 11:21:21 using:
COR (0.9.31.457)
Copyright 2002-2006 Oxford Cardiac Electrophysiology Group
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
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<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Noble Ventricular Cell Model 1998</title>
<author>
<firstname>Penny</firstname>
<surname>Noble</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Oxford University</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This version was created by Penny Noble and is known to read into COR. This variant of version 06 is the EXTENDED model, which includes everything from the BASIC variant and also acetylcholine dependent modulation and contraction modelling, but not stretch and fibroblast simulation. This model is parameterised the same as the BASIC model, with all additional variables set to zero. The values for these variables can be found in <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9487284&dopt=Abstract">Noble et al.'s 1998 paper.</ulink>
To simulate multiple action potentials with this model the following integrator parameters must be used: max step size must be 0.001 or less, max point density must be 10,000 or more. This model also has a PCEnv session file associated with it.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>In their 1998 paper, Denis Noble, Anthony Varghese, Peter Kohl and Penny Noble extended the guinea-pig ventricular cell model (originally developed in 1991 by Noble <emphasis>et al</emphasis>) to include accumulation and depletion of calcium in a diadic space between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, where the majority of calcium-induced calcium release is triggered. The model also includes rapid (i_Kr) and slow (i_Ks) components of the delayed rectifier current, and length- and tension-dependent changes in mechanical and electrophysiological processes have been incorporated (see <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/> below). Drug-receptor interactions have also started to be modeled using the sodium channel as an example. The drugs used have the effect of blocking the inactivation h-gate of the fast sodium channel.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.pulsus.com/CARDIOL/14_01/nobl_ed.htm">Improved guinea-pig ventricular cell model incorporating a diadic space, I<subscript>Kr</subscript> and I<subscript>Ks</subscript>, and length- and tension-dependent processes</ulink>, Denis Noble, Anthony Varghese, Peter Kohl and Penelope Noble, 1998, <ulink url="http://www.pulsus.com/CARDIOL/home.htm">
<emphasis>Can J Cardiol</emphasis>
</ulink>, 14, 123-134. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9487284&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 9487284</ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the Noble'98 model can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>. For an example of a more complete documentation for an electrophysiological model, see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>.
</para>
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<title>cell diagram of Noble'98 model showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
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<caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the Noble'98 model.</caption>
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</sect1>
</article>
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</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xr2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_xr2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>xr2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_xr2</ci>
<ci>xr2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_Ks" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0026" name="g_Ks" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_Ks" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="xs" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>xs</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.001302" name="xs" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="alpha_xs" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_xs" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">14</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ATP_dependent_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K_ATP" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_K_ATP" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="K_ATP" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="ATP" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_ATP</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_ATP</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>K_ATP</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_activated_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_KNa" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_K_Na" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="20" name="K_kna" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_KNa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_Na</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>K_kna</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current">
<variable name="i_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="2.5" name="g_Na" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_mh" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="m" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="h" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_mh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.0016203" name="m" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_m" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_m" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable initial_value="1e-5" name="delta_m" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="E0_m" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">41</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_m</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">200</cn>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">8000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.056</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">66</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9944036" name="h" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_h" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_h" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">20</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">320</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="persistent_sodium_current">
<variable name="i_p_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.004" name="g_pna" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_p_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_pna</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">52</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable name="i_b_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0006" name="g_bna" units="microS"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bna</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_channel_i_Ca_L" name="i_Ca_L" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="P_Ca_L" units="nanoA_per_millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.002" name="P_CaK" units="nanoA_per_millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="P_CaNa" units="nanoA_per_millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="d" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="f" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="f2" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="f2ds" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="100000" name="Km_f2" private_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.001" name="Km_f2ds" private_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="20" name="R_decay" private_interface="out" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="1" name="FrICa" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_CaK</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_CaNa</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<ci>P_CaK</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<ci>P_CaNa</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable initial_value="0" name="d" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_d" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_d" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="E0_d" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="speed_d" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">24</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">30</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">12</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>speed_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
<variable initial_value="1" name="f" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_f" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_f" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.3" name="speed_f" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0001" name="delta_f" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="E0_f" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">25</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_f</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">6.25</cn>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">12</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>speed_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9349197" name="f2" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Km_f2" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Km_f2</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>f2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9651958" name="f2ds" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Km_f2ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R_decay" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R_decay</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Km_f2ds</ci>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable name="i_b_Ca" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00025" name="g_bca" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_Ca" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current">
<variable name="i_to" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.005" name="g_to" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_tos" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="s" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="r" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>g_tos</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>g_tos</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_s_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9948645" name="s" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_s" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_s" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0.033</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">33</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_r_gate">
<variable initial_value="0" name="r" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">333</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ACh_dependent_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K_ACh" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_KACh" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="ACh" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.13" name="K_D" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_mk1" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="x_ACh" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_ACh</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_KACh</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>K_mk1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>x_ACh</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_D</ci>
<ci>ACh</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ACh_dependent_potassium_current_xACh_gate">
<variable initial_value="0" name="x_ACh" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="alpha_ACh" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="beta_ACh" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>x_ACh</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_ACh</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>x_ACh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_ACh</ci>
<ci>x_ACh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.7" name="i_NaK_max" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="1" name="K_mK" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="40" name="K_mNa" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mK</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_calcium_exchanger">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_calcium_exchanger_i_NaCa" name="i_NaCa" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005" name="k_NaCa" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="n_NaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="d_NaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="gamma" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.001" name="FRiNaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FRiNaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FRiNaCa</ci>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump">
<variable name="i_up" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="K_1" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="K_2" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003" name="K_cyca" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="K_xcs" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="K_srca" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="alpha_up" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.03" name="beta_up" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_srca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_up</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>alpha_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>beta_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_translocation">
<variable name="i_trans" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="Ca_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">50</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_release">
<variable name="i_rel" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="VoltDep" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="RegBindSite" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaiReg" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CadsReg" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="ActRate" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="InactRate" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.05" name="K_leak_rate" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="250" name="K_m_rel" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005" name="K_m_Ca_cyt" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="K_m_Ca_ds" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="PrecFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0042614" name="ActFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4068154" name="ProdFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="SpeedRel" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_m_Ca_cyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CadsReg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>K_m_Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
</apply>
<ci>CadsReg</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">0</cn>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">60</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">5</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>K_m_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_leak_rate</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="140" name="Na_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="7.3321223" name="Na_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="in" units="microlitre"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="i_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_b_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_p_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_p_Na</ci>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="2" name="Ca_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="4" name="K_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="136.5644281" name="K_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="in" units="microlitre"/>
<variable name="i_K1" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Kr" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ks" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_to" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<ci>i_to</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="1.4e-5" name="Ca_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="1.88e-5" name="Ca_ds" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4531889" name="Ca_up" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4481927" name="Ca_rel" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005555" name="Ca_Calmod" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003542" name="Ca_Trop" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.02" name="Calmod" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.05" name="Trop" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="100000" name="alpha_Calmod" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="50" name="beta_Calmod" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="100000" name="alpha_Trop" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="200" name="beta_Trop" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="12" name="radius" units="micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="74" name="length" units="micrometre"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="out" units="microlitre"/>
<variable name="V_Cell" units="microlitre"/>
<variable name="V_i_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="V_ds_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="V_rel_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="V_e_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="V_up_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="Kdecay" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="i_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_trans" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_b_Ca" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3.141592654</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>radius</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>length</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V_e_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>V_ds_ratio</ci>
<ci>Kdecay</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>dCa_Calmod_dtime</ci>
</apply>
<ci>dCa_Trop_dtime</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_ds_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>Kdecay</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>dCa_Calmod_dtime</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>dCa_Trop_dtime</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<variable name="dCa_Calmod_dtime" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="dCa_Trop_dtime" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
</component>
<component name="contraction">
<variable initial_value="3.32e-5" name="light_chain" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="8.09e-5" name="cross_bridge" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="12000" name="KCont1" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="XCont2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="XCont1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="100" name="KCont2" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="60" name="KCont3" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="25" name="KCont4" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="2" name="sarcomere_length" units="micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="0.05" name="cross_bridge_density" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tension_rest" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tension_active" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="overlap" units="micrometre"/>
<variable name="cross_bridge_availability" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="isometric_tension" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Ca_Calmod" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_Trop" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Calmod" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Trop" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>XCont2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>XCont1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
<ci>Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>light_chain</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KCont1</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>XCont1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>XCont2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>light_chain</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KCont2</ci>
<ci>light_chain</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>cross_bridge</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KCont3</ci>
<ci>light_chain</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>cross_bridge</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KCont4</ci>
<ci>cross_bridge</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tension_rest</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2e-4</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tension_active</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micrometre">1</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>overlap</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.625</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micrometre">2</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>cross_bridge_availability</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>tension_active</ci>
<ci>overlap</ci>
<ci>cross_bridge_density</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>isometric_tension</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>cross_bridge</ci>
<ci>cross_bridge_availability</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tension_rest</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="ATP_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_activated_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="ACh_dependent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="ACh_dependent_potassium_current_xACh_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_calcium_exchanger"/>
<component_ref component="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_translocation"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_release"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="reversal_potentials"/>
<component_ref component="contraction"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="ACh_dependent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="ACh_dependent_potassium_current_xACh_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ATP_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ACh_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_activated_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_translocation" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_release" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="contraction" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_release" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_activated_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="ATP_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_ATP" variable_2="i_K_ATP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="ACh_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_ACh" variable_2="i_K_ACh"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_p_Na" variable_2="i_p_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Na" variable_2="i_b_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Ca" variable_2="i_b_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_calcium_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_cyt" variable_2="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_ds" variable_2="i_NaCa_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Ks" variable_2="E_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="sodium_activated_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="ACh_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Ca" variable_2="E_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_mh" variable_2="E_mh"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_o" variable_2="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_i" variable_2="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ACh_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Na" variable_2="i_b_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_p_Na" variable_2="i_p_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_i" variable_2="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_o" variable_2="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Ca" variable_2="i_b_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_activated_potassium_current" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_cyt" variable_2="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_ds" variable_2="i_NaCa_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_cyt" variable_2="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger" component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_o" variable_2="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger" component_2="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_up" variable_2="i_up"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_up" variable_2="Ca_up"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_translocation" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_trans" variable_2="i_trans"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_rel" variable_2="Ca_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_up" variable_2="Ca_up"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_release" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_rel" variable_2="i_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_rel" variable_2="Ca_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_2="contraction"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_Calmod" variable_2="Ca_Calmod"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_Trop" variable_2="Ca_Trop"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Calmod" variable_2="Calmod"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Trop" variable_2="Trop"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xr1" variable_2="xr1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xr2" variable_2="xr2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xs" variable_2="xs"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ACh_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="ACh_dependent_potassium_current_xACh_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x_ACh" variable_2="x_ACh"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="m" variable_2="m"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="h" variable_2="h"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="d" variable_2="d"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="f" variable_2="f"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="f2" variable_2="f2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Km_f2" variable_2="Km_f2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="f2ds" variable_2="f2ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Km_f2ds" variable_2="Km_f2ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R_decay" variable_2="R_decay"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="s" variable_2="s"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="r" variable_2="r"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_i" variable_2="V_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_i" variable_2="V_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ACh_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_mk1" variable_2="K_mk1"/>
</connection>
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<dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Improved guinea-pig ventricular cell model incorporating a diadic space, IKr and IKs, and length- and tension-dependent processes</dc:title>
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<rdf:value>This file is a CellML description of Noble, Carghese, Kohl and Noble's 1998 extension of their 1991 guinea pig ventricular cell model. This model incorporates a diadic space, IKr and IKs currents, and length and tension dependent processes. Variant 2 is parameterised for the 'extended' model.</rdf:value>
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<rdf:value>This version was created by Penny Noble and is known to read into COR. James Lawson fixed an error (19/04/07) that prevented it reading in PCEnv (unsupported predefined operator diff in component intracellular_calcium_concentration. This variant of version 06 is the EXTENDED model, which includes everything from the BASIC variant and also acetylcholine dependent modulation and contraction modelling, but not stretch and fibroblast simulation. This model is parameterised the same as the BASIC model, with all additional variables set to zero.
To simulate multiple action potentials with this model the following integrator parameters must be used: max step size must be 0.001 or less, max point density must be 10,000 or more.</rdf:value>
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<rdf:value>This variant of this model has been curated by Penny Noble of Oxford University</rdf:value>
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