- Author:
- James Lawson <j.lawson@auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2009-08-19 15:33:49+12:00
- Desc:
- removed old directory
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/pasek_simurda_christe_2006/rawfile/3439be41367fbc3581abc61866bd8655fe665378/pasek_simurda_christe_2006.cellml
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>The functional role of cardiac T-tubules explored in a model of rat ventricular myocytes</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This version of the CellML model has been written in CellML 1.0. The model is known to run in PCEnv and COR and the CellML is valid and error free. However, as yet the CellML model does not recreate the published results - and some units still require fixing. This CellML model was based on the Matlab code provided by the original model author. We will continue to curate the model in an attempt to get it to reproduce the published results.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
ABSTRACT: The morphology of the cardiac transverse-axial tubular system (TATS) has been known for decades, but its function has received little attention. To explore the possible role of this system in the physiological modulation of electrical and contractile activity, we have developed a mathematical model of rat ventricular cardiomyocytes in which the TATS is described as a single compartment. The geometrical characteristics of the TATS, the biophysical characteristics of ion transporters and their distribution between surface and tubular membranes were based on available experimental data. Biophysically realistic values of mean access resistance to the tubular lumen and time constants for ion exchange with the bulk extracellular solution were included. The fraction of membrane in the TATS was set to 56%. The action potentials initiated in current-clamp mode are accompanied by transient K+ accumulation and transient Ca2+ depletion in the TATS lumen. The amplitude of these changes relative to external ion concentrations was studied at steady-state stimulation frequencies of 1-5Hz. Ca2+ depletion increased from 7 to 13.1% with stimulation frequency, while K+ accumulation decreased from 4.1 to 2.7%. These ionic changes (particularly Ca2+ depletion) implicated significant decrease of intracellular Ca2+ load at frequencies natural for rat heart.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/j7638381n55x784l/">The functional role of cardiac T-tubules explored in a model of rat ventricular myocytes</ulink>, Michal Pasek, Jiri Simurda, and Georges Christe, 2006, <ulink url="http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/102021/?p=6ee17d2f80004360b9e0b673bb8835ae&pi=0">
<emphasis>Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A</emphasis>
</ulink>, 81, 3029-3051. (<ulink url="http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/j7638381n55x784l/fulltext.html">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/j7638381n55x784l/fulltext.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16608703&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 16608703</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="pasek_2006.png"/>
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<pCation>Schematic of a ventricular myocyte. The description of electrical activity of surface (s) and tubular (t) membrane comprises formulation of ion transporters that are labelled in the scheme. The intracellular space contains the subspace, the Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ release compartments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (NSR, JSR) and the Ca2+ buffers calmodulin (Bcm), troponin (Bltrpn,Bhtrpn) and calsequestrin (Bcs). The small filled rectangles in JSR membrane represent ryanodine receptors. The small bi-directional arrows denote Ca2+ diffusion. The dashed arrow represents ionic diffusion between the tubular and the bulk space. The currents included in the model were: ICa, calcium inward current; IKto, time-dependent transient outward potassium current; IKst, steady-state outward potassium current; IKf, hyperpolarization-activated current; IK1, time-independent inward rectifier potassium current; INab, background sodium current; ICab, background calcium current; IKb, background potassium current; INaCa, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger current; INaK, electrogenic Na+/K+ ATPase pump current; IpCa, sarcolemmal Ca-pump current.</pCation>
</informalfigure>
<para>
Note that this model is based on a quantitative description of electrical activity of the rat ventricular myocyte proposed by Pandit et al. (2001), which has also been described in CellML and can be found in the CellML Model Respository.
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
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<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Sms</ci>
<ci>Smt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>fCat</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_Kb_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kb</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Sms</ci>
<ci>Smt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>fKbt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_Nab_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Nab</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Sms</ci>
<ci>Smt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>fNabt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_Cab_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Cab</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Sms</ci>
<ci>Smt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>fCabt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_max_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa_max</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Sms</ci>
<ci>Smt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>fNaCat</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK_max_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Sms</ci>
<ci>Smt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>fNaKt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_pCa_max_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_pCa_max</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Sms</ci>
<ci>Smt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>fpCat</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- Electrical interaction -->
<component name="i_circ">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_circ"/>
<variable units="ohm" public_interface="in" name="Rst"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_circ</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>Rst</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>Rst</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- intracellular calcium handling -->
<component name="J_CaSRrel">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_CaSRrel"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar4_per_second" name="kap" initial_value="12.15e12"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="kam" initial_value="576"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar3_per_second" name="kbp" initial_value="4.05e9"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="kbm" initial_value="1930"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="kcp" initial_value="100"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="kcm" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="F2" initial_value="3.8333331e-4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="F3" initial_value="6.4516879e-11"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="F1" initial_value="6.7606483e-1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="F4" initial_value="3.2355462e-1"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CaSRrel"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>F1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>kap</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kam</ci>
<ci>F2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>F2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kap</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kam</ci>
<ci>F2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kbp</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kcp</ci>
<ci>F2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kbm</ci>
<ci>F3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kcm</ci>
<ci>F4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>F3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kbp</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kbm</ci>
<ci>F3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>F4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kcp</ci>
<ci>F2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kcm</ci>
<ci>F4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_CaSRrel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">1800</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>F2</ci>
<ci>F3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>CaSRrel</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="J_CaSRup">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_CaSRup"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_fb" initial_value="0.000168"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_rb" initial_value="3.29"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="fb"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rb"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxf" initial_value="0.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxr" initial_value="0.9"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_SR" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_fb" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_rb" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CaSRup"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>fb</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_fb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>N_fb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rb</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CaSRup</ci>
<ci>K_rb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>N_rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_CaSRup</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_SR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmaxf</ci>
<ci>fb</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmaxr</ci>
<ci>rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>fb</ci>
<ci>rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_fluxes">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_tr"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_BTRH"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_BTRL"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="BTRHmax" initial_value="0.14"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="BTRLmax" initial_value="0.07"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_tr" initial_value="0.02"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_xfer" initial_value="0.008"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="BTRH" initial_value="9.2804169e-1"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="BTRL" initial_value="3.4317829e-2"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar_per_second" name="k_htrpn_plus" initial_value="20000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_htrpn_minus" initial_value="0.07"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar_per_second" name="k_ltrpn_plus" initial_value="40000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_ltrpn_minus" initial_value="40"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CaSRup"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CaSRrel"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>CaSRup</ci>
<ci>CaSRrel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_tr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xfer</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_BTRH</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_htrpn_plus</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
<ci>BTRH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_htrpn_minus</ci>
<ci>BTRH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>BTRH</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_BTRH</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_BTRL</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_ltrpn_plus</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
<ci>BTRL</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_ltrpn_minus</ci>
<ci>BTRL</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>BTRL</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_BTRL</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_trpn</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>J_BTRH</ci>
<ci>J_BTRL</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ion_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="6.9435814e0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="3.5486498e-5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="1.3753311e2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_t" initial_value="1.4001386e2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_t" initial_value="1.2271399e0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_t" initial_value="5.3627676e0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ss" initial_value="4.3112114e-5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CaSRrel" initial_value="2.2638169e-1"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CaSRup" initial_value="2.2755058e-1"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kext"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CMDN_tot" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_tot" initial_value="15"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_d" initial_value="0.008"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="STIMULATION" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="second" name="time0" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_BTRH"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_BTRL"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="BTRHmax"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="BTRLmax"/>
<variable units="cm3" public_interface="in" name="Vd"/>
<variable units="cm3" public_interface="in" name="Vt"/>
<variable units="cm3" public_interface="in" name="Vmyo"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Nab_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_fNa_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_fK_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kb_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kto_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kst_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_pCa_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Cab_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Nab_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_fNa_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_fK_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kb_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kto_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kst_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_pCa_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Cab_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_CaSRup"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_CaSRrel"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_tr"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="Jte_Na"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="Jte_Ca"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="Jte_K"/>
<variable units="cm2" public_interface="in" name="Sms"/>
<variable units="cm2" public_interface="in" name="Smt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na_s</ci>
<ci>i_Na_t</ci>
<ci>i_Nab_s</ci>
<ci>i_Nab_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmyo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_t</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na_t</ci>
<ci>i_Nab_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F</ci>
<ci>Jte_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Vt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kext</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="microA_per_cm2">52</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Sms</ci>
<ci>Smt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>STIMULATION</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>time0</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="microA">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_Kext</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_fK_s</ci>
<ci>i_fK_t</ci>
<ci>i_Kst_s</ci>
<ci>i_Kst_t</ci>
<ci>i_K1_s</ci>
<ci>i_K1_t</ci>
<ci>i_Kb_s</ci>
<ci>i_Kb_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_t</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>i_Kto_s</ci>
<ci>i_Kto_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmyo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_t</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_fK_t</ci>
<ci>i_Kst_t</ci>
<ci>i_K1_t</ci>
<ci>i_Kb_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_t</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>i_Kto_t</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F</ci>
<ci>Jte_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Vt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar_per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar2">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">-2</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_NaCa_s</ci>
<ci>i_NaCa_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Cab_s</ci>
<ci>i_Cab_t</ci>
<ci>i_pCa_s</ci>
<ci>i_pCa_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">-2</cn>
<ci>Vmyo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Vmyo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_CaSRrel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_CaSRup</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Vmyo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_BTRH</ci>
<ci>BTRHmax</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_BTRL</ci>
<ci>BTRLmax</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_t</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_t</ci>
<ci>i_pCa_t</ci>
<ci>i_Cab_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa_t</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Jte_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Vt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar_per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar2">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_s</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>Vd</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>J_CaSRrel</ci>
<ci>Vd</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Vmyo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Vd</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>CaSRrel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CSQN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
<ci>CaSRrel</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<ci>J_CaSRrel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>CaSRup</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_CaSRup</ci>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="t_tubular_ion_fluxes">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="Jte_Na"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="Jte_Ca"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="Jte_K"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_Na" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_Ca" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_K" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="cm3" public_interface="in" name="Vt"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_e"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Jte_Na</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar2_per_cm3">1</cn>
<ci>Vt</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>tau_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Na_t</ci>
<ci>Na_e</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Jte_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar2_per_cm3">1</cn>
<ci>Vt</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>tau_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_t</ci>
<ci>Ca_e</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Jte_K</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar2_per_cm3">1</cn>
<ci>Vt</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>tau_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>K_t</ci>
<ci>K_e</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- surface membrane model -->
<component name="Vm_s">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="Vm_s" initial_value="-7.9709547e1"/>
<variable units="microF" public_interface="in" name="Cms"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_circ"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kext"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kto_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kst_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_pCa_s"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Kext</ci>
<ci>i_circ</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na_s</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_s</ci>
<ci>i_Kto_s</ci>
<ci>i_Kst_s</ci>
<ci>i_f_s</ci>
<ci>i_K1_s</ci>
<ci>i_b_s</ci>
<ci>i_NaK_s</ci>
<ci>i_NaCa_s</ci>
<ci>i_pCa_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Cms</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Na_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Na_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na_s"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Na_s"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_e"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Na_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_e</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na_s</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<log/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_e</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn>
<ci>K_e</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Na_s_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="2.1832558e-6"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_m"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_m"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">117.26</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.55</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">3800</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.072</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">61</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Na_s_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="5.8232781e-1"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_h"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_h"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">284.4</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0812</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">115.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">18.77</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">64.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.22</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">64.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Ca_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Co" initial_value="2.5436465e-6"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_cast" initial_value="9.9570063e-1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C1" initial_value="9.9994546e-1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C2" initial_value="9.9994546e-1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tauCo"/>
<variable units="second" name="tauC_cast" initial_value="0.009"/>
<variable units="second" name="tauC1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tauC2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Co_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_cast_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C1_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C2_inf"/>
<variable units="cm3_per_second" public_interface="in" name="g_Ca_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_e"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Co_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">15.3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauCo</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00305</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt2">0.0045</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00105</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt2">0.002</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">18</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00025</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Co</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Co_inf</ci>
<ci>Co</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauCo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C1_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauC1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.105</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.04</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>C1_inf</ci>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauC1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C2_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauC2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.041</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">47</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">55</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>C2_inf</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauC2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C_cast_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.01</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_cast</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>C_cast_inf</ci>
<ci>C_cast</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauC_cast</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ca_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mole_per_coulomb">2</cn>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
<ci>Ca_e</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mole_per_coulomb">2</cn>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Co</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>C_cast</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10.0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>C_cast</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10.0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kto_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kto_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="0.886"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="0.114"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Kto_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_slow"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_e</ci>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kto_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kto_s</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_K_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kto_s_r_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="2.3485072e-3"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.6</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.42</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_max</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kto_s_s_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="9.8315843e-1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.35</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0666</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_max</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kto_s_s_slow_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_slow" initial_value="6.7483370e-1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_slow"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_slow_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_slow_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">3.7</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0333</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_slow_max</ci>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kst_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kst_s"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Kst_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_ss"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kst_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kst_s</ci>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_K_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kst_s_r_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_ss" initial_value="3.1079213e-3"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_ss_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_ss_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.82</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">10</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_ss_max</ci>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kst_s_s_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_ss" initial_value="3.0773393e-1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_ss_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_ss_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">87.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="second">2.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_ss_max</ci>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_K1_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1_s"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_K1_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_e"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K_s"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.613</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>K_e</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.9988</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.124</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_f_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_fNa_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_fK_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Na" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_K"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_f_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_fNa_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f_s</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<ci>f_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_Na_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_fK_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f_s</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<ci>f_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_K_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_f_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f_s</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_Na_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.8</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_K_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_f_s_y_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="3.4357356e-3"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_y"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">138.6</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.48</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.11885</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28.37</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5623</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.19</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_b_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_b_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Nab_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Cab_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kb_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca_s" initial_value="65"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Cab_s"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Nab_s"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Kb_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K_s"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Nab_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Nab_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_Na_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Cab_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Cab_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_Ca_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kb_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kb_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>E_K_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_s</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Nab_s</ci>
<ci>i_Cab_s</ci>
<ci>i_Kb_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_NaK_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK_s"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_K" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_Na" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK_max_s"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_e</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK_s</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>i_NaK_max_s</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_e</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_e</ci>
<ci>K_m_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_m_Na</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_pCa_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_pCa_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_pCa_max_s"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_pCa_s</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_pCa_max_s</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0004</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_NaCa_s">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa_s"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_max_s"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_e"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_s"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_s</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa_max_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0187</cn>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_e</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">-0.0187</cn>
<ci>Vm_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_e</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0001</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_e</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_e</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- tubular membrane model -->
<component name="Vm_t">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="Vm_t" initial_value="-7.9709536e1"/>
<variable units="microF" public_interface="in" name="Cmt"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_circ"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kto_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kst_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_pCa_t"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_circ</ci>
<ci>i_Na_t</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_t</ci>
<ci>i_Kto_t</ci>
<ci>i_Kst_t</ci>
<ci>i_f_t</ci>
<ci>i_K1_t</ci>
<ci>i_b_t</ci>
<ci>i_NaK_t</ci>
<ci>i_NaCa_t</ci>
<ci>i_pCa_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Cmt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Na_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Na_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na_t"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Na_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_t"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Na_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_t</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na_t</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<log/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn>
<ci>K_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Na_t_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="2.1832694e-6"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_m"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_m"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">117.26</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.55</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">3800</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.072</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">61</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Na_t_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="5.8232717e-1"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_h"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_h"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">284.4</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0812</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">115.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">18.77</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">64.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.22</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">64.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Ca_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_t"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Co" initial_value="2.5436520e-6"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_cast" initial_value="9.9570063e-1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C1" initial_value="9.9785393e-1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C2" initial_value="9.9994546e-1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tauCo"/>
<variable units="second" name="tauC_cast" initial_value="0.009"/>
<variable units="second" name="tauC1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tauC2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Co_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_cast_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C1_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C2_inf"/>
<variable units="cm3_per_second" public_interface="in" name="g_Ca_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_t"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Co_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">15.3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauCo</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00305</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt2">0.0045</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00105</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt2">0.002</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">18</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00025</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Co</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Co_inf</ci>
<ci>Co</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauCo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C1_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauC1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.105</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.04</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>C1_inf</ci>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauC1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C2_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauC2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.041</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">47</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">55</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>C2_inf</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauC2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C_cast_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.01</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_cast</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>C_cast_inf</ci>
<ci>C_cast</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauC_cast</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ca_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mole_per_coulomb">2</cn>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
<ci>Ca_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mole_per_coulomb">2</cn>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Co</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>C_cast</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10.0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>C_cast</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10.0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kto_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kto_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K_t"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="0.886"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="0.114"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Kto_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_slow"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_t</ci>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kto_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kto_t</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_K_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kto_t_r_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="2.3485094e-3"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.6</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.42</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_max</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kto_t_s_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="9.8315865e-1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_t"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_t</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.35</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0666</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_max</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kto_t_s_slow_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_slow" initial_value="6.7478532e-1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_slow"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_slow_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_slow_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">3.7</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0333</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_slow_max</ci>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kst_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kst_t"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Kst_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K_t"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_ss"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kst_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kst_t</ci>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_K_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kst_t_r_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_ss" initial_value="3.1079241e-3"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_ss_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_ss_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.82</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">10</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_ss_max</ci>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_Kst_t_s_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_ss" initial_value="3.0773368e-1"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_ss_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_ss_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">87.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="second">2.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_ss_max</ci>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_K1_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1_t"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_K1_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K_t"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1_t</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.613</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>K_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.9988</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.124</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_f_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_fNa_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_fK_t"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_f_t"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Na" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_K"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na_t"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_fNa_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f_t</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<ci>f_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_Na_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_fK_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f_t</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<ci>f_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_K_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_f_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f_t</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_Na_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.8</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_K_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_f_t_y_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="3.4357175e-3"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_y"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">138.6</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.48</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.11885</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28.37</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5623</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.19</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_b_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_b_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Nab_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Cab_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kb_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca_t" initial_value="65"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Cab_t"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Nab_t"/>
<variable units="milliS" public_interface="in" name="g_Kb_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Nab_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Nab_t</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_Na_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Cab_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Cab_t</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_Ca_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kb_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kb_t</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>E_K_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_t</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Nab_t</ci>
<ci>i_Cab_t</ci>
<ci>i_Kb_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_NaK_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK_max_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_K" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_Na" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK_t</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>i_NaK_max_t</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_t</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_t</ci>
<ci>K_m_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_m_Na</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_pCa_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_pCa_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_pCa_max_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_pCa_t</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_pCa_max_t</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0004</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="i_NaCa_t">
<variable units="microA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa_t"/>
<variable units="microA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa_max_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_t"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="Vm_t"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_t</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa_max_t</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0187</cn>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_t</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">-0.0187</cn>
<ci>Vm_t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0001</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_t</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_t</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="i_Na_s">
<component_ref component="i_Na_s_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="i_Na_s_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="i_Kto_s">
<component_ref component="i_Kto_s_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="i_Kto_s_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="i_Kto_s_s_slow_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="i_Kst_s">
<component_ref component="i_Kst_s_r_ss_gate"/>
<component_ref component="i_Kst_s_s_ss_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="i_f_s">
<component_ref component="i_f_s_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="i_Na_t">
<component_ref component="i_Na_t_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="i_Na_t_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="i_Kto_t">
<component_ref component="i_Kto_t_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="i_Kto_t_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="i_Kto_t_s_slow_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="i_Kst_t">
<component_ref component="i_Kst_t_r_ss_gate"/>
<component_ref component="i_Kst_t_s_ss_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="i_f_t">
<component_ref component="i_f_t_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="J_CaSRrel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="J_CaSRup"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Vm_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Vm_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_Na_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_Ca_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_Kto_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_Kst_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_K1_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_f_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_pCa_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_NaCa_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_Na_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_Ca_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_Kto_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_Kst_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_K1_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_f_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_pCa_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="i_NaCa_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_circ" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Rst" variable_1="Rst"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ion_concentrations" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Vmyo" variable_1="Vmyo"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Vd" variable_1="Vd"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Vt" variable_1="Vt"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Sms" variable_1="Sms"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Smt" variable_1="Smt"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="t_tubular_ion_fluxes" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Vt" variable_1="Vt"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_e" variable_1="Na_e"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_e" variable_1="K_e"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_e" variable_1="Ca_e"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Vm_s" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cms" variable_1="Cms"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Vm_t" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cmt" variable_1="Cmt"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Na_s" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_e" variable_1="Na_e"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_e" variable_1="K_e"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Ca_s" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_e" variable_1="Ca_e"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Kto_s" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_e" variable_1="K_e"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_K1_s" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_e" variable_1="K_e"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_b_s" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_e" variable_1="Ca_e"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_NaK_s" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_e" variable_1="Na_e"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_e" variable_1="K_e"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_NaCa_s" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_e" variable_1="Na_e"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_e" variable_1="Ca_e"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Na_t" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Ca_t" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Kto_t" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_K1_t" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_b_t" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_NaK_t" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane_permeabilities" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Sms" variable_1="Sms"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Smt" variable_1="Smt"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Na_s" component_1="membrane_permeabilities"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_Na_s" variable_1="g_Na_s"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Ca_s" component_1="membrane_permeabilities"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_Ca_s" variable_1="g_Ca_s"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Kto_s" component_1="membrane_permeabilities"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_Kto_s" variable_1="g_Kto_s"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_Kst_s" component_1="membrane_permeabilities"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_Kst_s" variable_1="g_Kst_s"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_K1_s" component_1="membrane_permeabilities"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_K1_s" variable_1="g_K1_s"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_f_s" component_1="membrane_permeabilities"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_f_s" variable_1="g_f_s"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="i_b_s" component_1="membrane_permeabilities"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_Nab_s" variable_1="g_Nab_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_Cab_s" variable_1="g_Cab_s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="g_Kb_s" variable_1="g_Kb_s"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
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<vCard:Given>Jiri</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Simurda</vCard:Family>
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<dc:title>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society</dc:title>
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<vCard:Given>Michal</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Pasek</vCard:Family>
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<vCard:Given>Georges</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Christe</vCard:Family>
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<bqs:Pubmed_id>16608703</bqs:Pubmed_id>
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<dc:title>The functional role of cardiac T-tubules explored in a model of rat ventricular myocytes</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>81</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>3029</bqs:first_page>
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<bqs:last_page>3051</bqs:last_page>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2006-00-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>Auckland Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-11-26T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
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<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
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