- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2009-06-17 16:03:40+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version02 of skouibine_trayanova_moore_1999
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/skouibine_trayanova_moore_1999/rawfile/3a2aaee1c9258f3b45a5df4822a0e6a13657778c/skouibine_trayanova_moore_1999.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : defibrillation_beeler_reuter_model_1999.xml
CREATED : 28th December 2001
LAST MODIFIED : 5th April 2003
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Department of Engineering Science
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the 16/01/2002 CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of the defibrillation Beeler-Reuter model.
CHANGES:
21/01/2002 - AAC - Updated metadata to conform to the 16/1/02 CellML Metadata
1.0 Specification.
01/04/2003 - AAC - Added citation metadata.
05/04/2003 - AAC - Changed the model name so the model loads in the database
easier.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="defibrillation_beeler_reuter_model_1999" name="skouibine_trayanova_moore_1999_version02">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>The Defibrillation Beeler-Reuter Model</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
The original Beeler-Reuter mammalian ventricular model (1977) (see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_BR_MODEL}">The Beeler-Reuter Model, 1977</ulink>) was modified by Drouhard and Roberge (1987) (see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_DR_MODEL}">The Drouhard-Roberge Model, 1987</ulink>) to improve the fast sodium current kinetics. This model was then further modified by Skouibine <emphasis>et al</emphasis>. (1999) to handle potentials outside the range of normal physiological activity, allowing the model to be used in defibrillation studies.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Anode/cathode make and break phenomena during defibrillation: Does electroporation make a difference?, Skouibine, K., Trayanova, N., Moore, P. 1999 <ulink url="http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/pub_preview/bme_toc.html">
<emphasis>IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng</emphasis>
</ulink>, 46, 769-777. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10396895&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 10396895</ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the defibrillation Beeler-Reuter model can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>. For an example of a more complete documentation for an electrophysiological model, see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>.
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<ci> d </ci>
<ci> f </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_s </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="dCai_dt_eq">
<apply id="dCai_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="flux"> 0.0 </cn>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 200.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_s </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.01 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.07 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="concentration_units"> 0.0001 </cn>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="slow_inward_current_d_gate" name="slow_inward_current_d_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_d"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="beta_d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="R_d" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_d_calculation_eq">
<apply id="alpha_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_d </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.095 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 100.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 13.89 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_d_calculation_eq">
<apply id="beta_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_d </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.07 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 44.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 59.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 44.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 20.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="dd_dt_eq">
<apply id="dd_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> d </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> alpha_d </ci>
<ci> R_d </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> d </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_d </ci>
<ci> d </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="slow_inward_current_f_gate" name="slow_inward_current_f_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_f"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="beta_f"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="R_f" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_f_calculation_eq">
<apply id="alpha_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.012 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 28.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 125.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 28.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 6.67 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_f_calculation_eq">
<apply id="beta_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.0065 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 30.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 50.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 30.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="df_dt_eq">
<apply id="df_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> f </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> alpha_f </ci>
<ci> R_f </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> f </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_f </ci>
<ci> f </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current">
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current_f_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_dependent_outward_current">
<component_ref component="time_dependent_outward_current_x1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_outward_current"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current">
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current_f_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_dependent_outward_current">
<component_ref component="time_dependent_outward_current_x1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slow_inward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="time_dependent_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="time_independent_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_inward_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_s" variable_1="i_s"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_dependent_outward_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_x1" variable_1="i_x1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_independent_outward_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_dependent_outward_current_x1_gate" component_1="time_dependent_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="x1" variable_1="x1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_inward_current_d_gate" component_1="slow_inward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="d" variable_1="d"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_inward_current_f_gate" component_1="slow_inward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="f" variable_1="f"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author1Vcard"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author2Vcard"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author3Vcard"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c7c69b57-cfae-4412-8e70-1e31bf51ecee">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#3b78c855-a5e5-456a-9baa-25281e24cea4"/>
<rdf:value>
Added more metadata.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#2a2da0ad-9dae-4bc2-919e-ba0812470fd2"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_h_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#82c4214e-337c-4268-ab27-08aaa1c42c0b"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4d85f379-458e-4eff-8ea0-c2b4be3e99e0">
<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Research Group</vCard:Orgunit>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f540d6dd-eb83-48c7-8ccf-6cc22602a0b6">
<rdf:value>
The kinetics of the f gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#time_independent_outward_current">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#9e5bc1c6-d483-4d20-87f8-332792dc4223"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#dCai_dt_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#f03eca1c-378a-48f5-a480-13ee2254ad2c"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d12f8c22-cf5a-44cb-a205-37b9ca58601c">
<vCard:Given>Autumn</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Cuellar</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bef13593-9d12-4c05-87b0-a9120baa85a9">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#d36aa525-f58c-43b4-9572-d254c54fd731"/>
<rdf:value>
Changed some units and added a stimulus current and touched up some
of the equations.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#1a0e9157-9b08-4471-985c-ffa05e53e7fc"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e7e61ee5-2624-423e-880f-7c58e028e478">
<rdf:value>
The opening rate for the h gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#232c13f8-e730-4a15-afd3-c0ea79ffdca4">
<rdf:value>
The main component for the model, defining the transmembrane
potential.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#368bcf42-91e7-480a-8a8b-166f5f840ef2">
<rdf:value>
The voltage-dependent activation gate for the slow inward current -
the d gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b12606d9-c6d7-4bad-bd1b-db79dbec301c">
<rdf:value>
The main differential equation for the model, specifing membrane
potential as the summation of all ionic currents and an applied
stimulus current.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_d_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#1c537c12-951c-4628-8c44-1da4a250cfdb"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#dh_dt_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#4797bc9f-9082-442b-b1fc-087514cd737c"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#334e2ea9-cd55-40f8-ba9f-e2c9bb4ed1ef">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-12-28</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#973f7d27-23fa-44a5-bd57-ecc9058cea1a">
<rdf:value>
While the governing equations for the time dependent outward
potassium current are unchanged, the gating variables (alpha_x1 and
beta_x1) are modified.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3b78c855-a5e5-456a-9baa-25281e24cea4">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-04-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#dx1_dt_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#57593dc1-8f39-4a81-b08b-e273b58bc0fa"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#858f05c4-d295-4750-ba89-3fc2d47f4099">
<rdf:value>
The voltage-dependent inactivation gate for the fast sodium channel
- the h gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8a93fbe2-14e3-4900-88ac-b5ac751a83aa">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#19b61da1-a654-47d2-ba57-1eb574bee994"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#slow_inward_current">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#c0709a22-238c-435a-8a39-6cdf2e511dc3"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#858f05c4-d295-4750-ba89-3fc2d47f4099"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_x1_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#b1d6da41-9ac3-49ec-9bf3-2192d2531531"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bc14c895-75d5-4bc8-ab4e-6353188e8a54">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>1999-07-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b3f8b236-413b-4746-9567-721d0eff69d1">
<rdf:value>
The kinetics of the m gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f03eca1c-378a-48f5-a480-13ee2254ad2c">
<rdf:value>
The time rate of change of intracellular calcium concentration.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b12532fb-cc21-4165-9a6e-795dc98017ef">
<rdf:value>
The opening rate of the d gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#236a0d67-26ed-42ee-a6e5-b894ea982af2">
<rdf:value>
The opening rate of the f gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f457548d-6226-432e-8250-f1dc23f6038b">
<bqs:Pubmed_id>10396895</bqs:Pubmed_id>
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#de6e1a4d-2881-4730-bece-21fe7f04ce05"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#dm_dt_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#b3f8b236-413b-4746-9567-721d0eff69d1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#82c4214e-337c-4268-ab27-08aaa1c42c0b">
<rdf:value>
The closing rate for the h gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author3Vcard">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author3VcardN"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1c537c12-951c-4628-8c44-1da4a250cfdb">
<rdf:value>
The closing rate of the d gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2Vcard">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author2VcardN"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7c738cb4-0d39-4e73-8021-7fd144367e8a">
<rdf:value>
The gating variable for the time-dependent outward potassium
current - the x1 gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#79c7ee0f-cee1-43f6-8f29-cf3200708f9d">
<rdf:value>
The fast sodium current, primarily responsible for the upstroke of
the action potential.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#57593dc1-8f39-4a81-b08b-e273b58bc0fa">
<rdf:value>
The kinetics of the x1 gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5bd403fa-c258-45f7-acfd-98a29d9a5055">
<rdf:value>
The closing rate of the f gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c164d899-4601-4826-be03-6e14707cf65b">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#3e92833b-741e-47f1-ad79-8899827b7ea1"/>
<rdf:value>
Changed the model name so the model loads in the database easier.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#df383059-c56f-453c-8509-e8817197718e"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#slow_inward_current_d_gate">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#368bcf42-91e7-480a-8a8b-166f5f840ef2"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b1d6da41-9ac3-49ec-9bf3-2192d2531531">
<rdf:value>
The closing rate of the x1 gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#50e4ab1e-9318-49af-8438-10f5a62223e9">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#7e593db8-4aa2-41f2-a90a-c90d8285d887"/>
<rdf:value>
Updated metadata to conform to the 16/1/02 CellML Metadata 1.0
Specification.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#8a93fbe2-14e3-4900-88ac-b5ac751a83aa"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5d1c089a-0495-449f-99bb-991fe0a3033d">
<vCard:Given>David</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Nickerson</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>P</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:publisher>
Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland
</dc:publisher>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#50e4ab1e-9318-49af-8438-10f5a62223e9"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#bef13593-9d12-4c05-87b0-a9120baa85a9"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#c164d899-4601-4826-be03-6e14707cf65b"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#c7c69b57-cfae-4412-8e70-1e31bf51ecee"/>
<dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#334e2ea9-cd55-40f8-ba9f-e2c9bb4ed1ef"/>
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</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_f_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#5bd403fa-c258-45f7-acfd-98a29d9a5055"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b8b7a30c-edb8-47b6-ad3c-3e17e50e1d5b">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
<rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#34c4dc1a-9926-448b-9a8d-79b2e6104f62">
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#8720158c-85ba-4a59-91bc-c2ed3450ee08"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#membrane">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#232c13f8-e730-4a15-afd3-c0ea79ffdca4"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7e593db8-4aa2-41f2-a90a-c90d8285d887">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-01-21</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#55dbf119-b6a1-4873-9e00-1c9e95f24f55">
<rdf:value>
The opening rate for the m gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#defibrillation_beeler_reuter_model_1999">
<dc:title>The defibrillation Beeler-Reuter model</dc:title>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#7dec2b0f-1986-4fc5-abf7-5b5dac773925"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#f457548d-6226-432e-8250-f1dc23f6038b"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value>
<rdf:Bag>
<rdf:li>excitation-contraction coupling</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>ventricular myocyte</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>defibrillation</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>cardiac</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
</rdf:value>
</dc:subject>
</bqs:reference>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4a862bca-00f3-4b3a-bd11-9a0f2c54b59b">
<dc:title>IEEE Trans Biomed Eng.</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2a2da0ad-9dae-4bc2-919e-ba0812470fd2">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#d67013b3-3ddf-45af-a05d-44a024b2e17f"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d36aa525-f58c-43b4-9572-d254c54fd731">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-07-28</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#time_dependent_outward_current_x1_gate">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#7c738cb4-0d39-4e73-8021-7fd144367e8a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#de6e1a4d-2881-4730-bece-21fe7f04ce05">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq"/>
<dc:title>Anode/cathode make and break phenomena in a model of defibrillation</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>46</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>769</bqs:first_page>
<bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#4a862bca-00f3-4b3a-bd11-9a0f2c54b59b"/>
<dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#bc14c895-75d5-4bc8-ab4e-6353188e8a54"/>
<bqs:last_page>777</bqs:last_page>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author3VcardN">
<vCard:Given>P</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Moore</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>K</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3e92833b-741e-47f1-ad79-8899827b7ea1">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-04-05</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#slow_inward_current_f_gate">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#e33d0542-033b-45ba-b7b5-ec2bc2329eb9"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#19b61da1-a654-47d2-ba57-1eb574bee994">
<vCard:Given>Autumn</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Cuellar</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A.</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7dec2b0f-1986-4fc5-abf7-5b5dac773925">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#6ec9f13c-ec2f-46bf-83ca-6b275c7e9e10"/>
<rdf:value>This is the CellML description of the defibrillation Beeler-Reuter model. The original Beeler-Reuter model was modified by Drouhard and Roberge (1987) to improve the fast sodium kinetics. This model was then further modified by Skouibine et al (1999) to handle potentials outside the range of normal physiological activity, allowing the model to be used in defibrillation studies.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#i_Na_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#4b2a53b7-9820-4e91-b5bd-ceb150ab8ac9"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ea56eca4-c289-4941-91f3-885b4c00c310">
<rdf:value>
The closing rate for the m gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_m_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#ea56eca4-c289-4941-91f3-885b4c00c310"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#b12606d9-c6d7-4bad-bd1b-db79dbec301c"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c166c403-d0f0-4ff0-833c-0ef9872f464a">
<rdf:value>
Calculation of the slow inward current.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1Vcard">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author1VcardN"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1VcardN">
<vCard:Given>K</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Skouibine</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>B</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4b2a53b7-9820-4e91-b5bd-ceb150ab8ac9">
<rdf:value>
Calculation of the fast sodium current.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8720158c-85ba-4a59-91bc-c2ed3450ee08">
<rdf:value>
The voltage-dependent activation gate for the fast sodium channel -
the m gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d67013b3-3ddf-45af-a05d-44a024b2e17f">
<vCard:Given>Autumn</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Cuellar</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2036acd3-c628-46a6-9512-9c5eb700af31">
<vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#4d85f379-458e-4eff-8ea0-c2b4be3e99e0"/>
<vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#b8b7a30c-edb8-47b6-ad3c-3e17e50e1d5b"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#34c4dc1a-9926-448b-9a8d-79b2e6104f62"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#dd_dt_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#a0770d70-cd58-4d72-ada8-80782eef2cf3"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#df383059-c56f-453c-8509-e8817197718e">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#d12f8c22-cf5a-44cb-a205-37b9ca58601c"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9e5bc1c6-d483-4d20-87f8-332792dc4223">
<rdf:value>
The formula for the time independent outward potassium current of
the defibrillation Beeler-Reuter model is the same as for the
original Beeler-Reuter (1977) model.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c967adca-bdb9-4ee5-a848-ed8b5f1f7de3">
<rdf:value>
The opening rate of the x1 gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c0709a22-238c-435a-8a39-6cdf2e511dc3">
<rdf:value>
A minor change is made to the intracellular calcium ion tracking to
limit the movement of calcium ions at large potentials. In addition
to these changes, a scale factor can be added to the time dependent
d and f gates to allow the scaling of the action potential duration.
This enables a better representation of an action potential from
ischemic tissue.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a0770d70-cd58-4d72-ada8-80782eef2cf3">
<rdf:value>
The kinetics of the d gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#alpha_x1_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#c967adca-bdb9-4ee5-a848-ed8b5f1f7de3"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ae14a4f4-ee6a-4ea2-8457-822eb82f267a">
<rdf:value>
Calculation of the reversal potential for the slow inward current.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2VcardN">
<vCard:Given>N</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Trayanova</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1a0e9157-9b08-4471-985c-ffa05e53e7fc">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#5d1c089a-0495-449f-99bb-991fe0a3033d"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#alpha_h_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#e7e61ee5-2624-423e-880f-7c58e028e478"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#df_dt_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#f540d6dd-eb83-48c7-8ccf-6cc22602a0b6"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4797bc9f-9082-442b-b1fc-087514cd737c">
<rdf:value>
The kinetics of the h gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#alpha_f_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#236a0d67-26ed-42ee-a6e5-b894ea982af2"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e33d0542-033b-45ba-b7b5-ec2bc2329eb9">
<rdf:value>
The voltage-dependent inactivation gate for the slow inward current
- the f gate.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#i_s_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#c166c403-d0f0-4ff0-833c-0ef9872f464a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#alpha_m_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#55dbf119-b6a1-4873-9e00-1c9e95f24f55"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6ec9f13c-ec2f-46bf-83ca-6b275c7e9e10">
<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#alpha_d_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#b12532fb-cc21-4165-9a6e-795dc98017ef"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#fast_sodium_current">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#79c7ee0f-cee1-43f6-8f29-cf3200708f9d"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#time_dependent_outward_current">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#973f7d27-23fa-44a5-bd57-ecc9058cea1a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#E_s_calculation_eq">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#ae14a4f4-ee6a-4ea2-8457-822eb82f267a"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
