- Author:
- Hanne <Hanne@hanne-nielsens-macbook.local>
- Date:
- 2009-12-15 11:35:50+13:00
- Desc:
- Added images in ai and svg format, removed non pub med references
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/viswanathan_shaw_rudy_1999/rawfile/d0d6077d6f7e463ebb7318cbc30d3bb1ca16b26f/viswanathan_shaw_rudy_1999_a.cellml
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<!--
This CellML file was generated on 13/10/2009 at 10:09:08 at a.m. using:
COR (0.9.31.1319)
Copyright 2002-2009 Dr Alan Garny
http://cor.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - cor@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.cellml.org/
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Updated Luo-Rudy Mammalian Ventricular Model II</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This version was created by Penny Noble of Oxford University and is known to run in PCEnv and COR.
This is the M-CELL VARIANT of the model.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that heterogeneity of ion channel expression and electrophysiological characteristics is an important property of the ventricular myocardium. The 2 components of the delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr (rapid) and IKs (slow), play a dominant role in the repolarization of the action potential and are important determinants of its duration. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this report, the effects of heterogeneities of IKr and IKs on action potential duration (APD) and its rate dependence (adaptation) are studied with the use of the LRd model of a mammalian ventricular cell. Results demonstrate the importance of IKs density variations in heterogeneity of repolarization. Cells with reduced IKs (eg, mid-myocardial M cells) display long APD and steep dependence of APD on rate. Mechanistically, accumulation of IKs activation and increased sodium calcium exchange current, INaCa, secondary to Na+ accumulation at a fast rate underlie the steep APD-rate relation of these cells. When cells are electrotonically coupled in a multicellular fiber through resistive gap junction, APD differences are reduced. The results demonstrate strong dependence of APD heterogeneity on the degree of intercellular coupling even in the normal physiological range. Highly reduced coupling maximizes APD heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity of IKs:IKr density strongly influences APD and its rate dependence. However, in the intact myocardium, the degree of gap-junction coupling may be an important factor that determines the manifestation of APD heterogeneity and dispersion of repolarization. The clinical significance of this study is in the context of repolarization abnormalities and associated arrhythmias (eg, long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes).
</para>
<para>
The complete paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Effects of IKr and IKs heterogeneity on action potential duration and its rate dependence: a simulation study, Prakash C. Viswanathan, BE; Robin M. Shaw, PhD; and Yoram Rudy, PhD, 1999,
<emphasis>Circulation</emphasis>, 99, 2466-2474. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10318671&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 10318671</ulink>
</para>
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<title>cell diagram of the shaw and viswanathan models showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
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<caption>
A schematic diagram of the 1999 Viswanathan et al. model.</caption>
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</sect1>
</article>
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<variable name="h" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.992806" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_h" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_h" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">135</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">3560</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.079</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">310000000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.35</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00013</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.66</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="fast_sodium_current_j_gate">
<variable name="j" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.99511469" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_j" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_j" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_j</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">127140</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2444</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">3.474<sep/>-5</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04391</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">37.78</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.311</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">79.23</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_j</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">121.2</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.01052</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1378</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40.14</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">300</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">2.535<sep/>-7</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">32</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_j</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_j</ci>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="L_type_Ca_channel">
<variable name="i_Ca_L" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_CaCa" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_CaK" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_CaNa" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Nai" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Nao" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Ki" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Ko" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="I_CaCa" units="microA"/>
<variable name="I_CaK" units="microA"/>
<variable name="I_CaNa" units="microA"/>
<variable name="P_Ca" units="liter_per_second" initial_value="0.00054"/>
<variable name="P_Na" units="liter_per_second" initial_value="6.75e-7"/>
<variable name="P_K" units="liter_per_second" initial_value="1.93e-7"/>
<variable name="gamma_Cai" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1"/>
<variable name="gamma_Cao" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.341"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="d" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="f" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="f_Ca" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_CaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Cai</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Cao</ci>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_CaNa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Nai</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Nao</ci>
<ci>Nao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_CaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_K</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Ki</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Ko</ci>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaCa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<ci>I_CaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaNa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<ci>I_CaNa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaK</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<ci>I_CaK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_CaCa</ci>
<ci>i_CaK</ci>
<ci>i_CaNa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable name="d" units="dimensionless" initial_value="3.538268e-6" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_d" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_d" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="d_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_d" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E0_d" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.035</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">6.24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="millivolt">1<sep/>-5</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">0.035</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
<variable name="f" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.995259" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_f" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_f" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="f_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_f" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">32</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.6</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0197</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0337</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.02</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate">
<variable name="f_Ca" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Km_Ca" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0006"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<ci>Km_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
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<variable name="b" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="g" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
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<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_T</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_CaT</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
</math>
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<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
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<variable name="tau_b" units="second"/>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>b_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14</cn>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.8</cn>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_b</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0037</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0061</cn>
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<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4.5</cn>
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</apply>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>b</ci>
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<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>b_inf</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
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<variable name="g" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.9341828" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="g_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_g" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_g</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="second_per_millivolt">0.000875</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.012</cn>
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<apply>
<leq/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
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<cn cellml:units="second">0.012</cn>
</otherwise>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>g</ci>
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<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>g_inf</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_g</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
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<variable name="i_Kr" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Kr" units="milliS"/>
<variable name="Rect" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="xr" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="milliS">0.02614</cn>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Rect</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">9</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">22.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kr</ci>
<ci>xr</ci>
<ci>Rect</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
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<variable name="xr" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.0007500578" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="xr_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_xr" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xr_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">21.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_xr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.00138</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.123</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.00061</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.145</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xr_infinity</ci>
<ci>xr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
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<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_Ks" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Ks" units="milliS"/>
<variable name="E_Ks" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="PNaK" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.01833"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
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<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="xs1" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="xs2" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<eq/>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
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<ci>F</ci>
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<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PNaK</ci>
<ci>Nao</ci>
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<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PNaK</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
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<eq/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
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<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.6</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="millimolar">3.8<sep/>-5</cn>
<ci>Cai</ci>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.4</cn>
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<eq/>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<ci>xs1</ci>
<ci>xs2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
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<variable name="xs1" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.0421517" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="xs1_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_xs1" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xs1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
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</apply>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt">16.7</cn>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_xs1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">7.19<sep/>-5</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
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</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.148</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.000131</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0687</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs1</ci>
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<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xs1_infinity</ci>
<ci>xs1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xs1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
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<variable name="tau_xs2" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<eq/>
<ci>xs2_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">16.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_xs2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
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<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">7.19<sep/>-5</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
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</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.148</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.000131</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0687</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xs2_infinity</ci>
<ci>xs2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xs2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
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<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="time_independent_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K1" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="out" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_K1" units="milliS"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
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<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="milliS">0.75</cn>
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<root/>
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<divide/>
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<cn cellml:units="millimolar">5.4</cn>
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</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
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<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<ci>K1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
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<variable name="alpha_K1" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_K1" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<eq/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">1020</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2385</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59.215</cn>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">1000</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.49124</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.08032</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.476</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.06175</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">594.31</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.5143</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4.753</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<ci>beta_K1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="plateau_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_Kp" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Kp" units="milliS" initial_value="0.00552"/>
<variable name="Kp" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Kp</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.488</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.98</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kp</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kp</ci>
<ci>Kp</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K_ATP" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_K_ATP" units="milliS"/>
<variable name="nATP" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.24"/>
<variable name="nicholsarea" units="dimensionless" initial_value="5e-5"/>
<variable name="ATPi" units="millimolar" initial_value="3"/>
<variable name="hATP" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2"/>
<variable name="kATP" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00025"/>
<variable name="pATP" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="GKbaraATP" units="milliS"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_K_ATP</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="milliS">0.000193</cn>
<ci>nicholsarea</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>pATP</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATPi</ci>
<ci>kATP</ci>
</apply>
<ci>hATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>GKbaraATP</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_ATP</ci>
<ci>pATP</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>nATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_ATP</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>GKbaraATP</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="transient_outward_current">
<variable name="i_to" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_to" units="milliS"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="rvdv" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="zdv" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="ydv" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
<cn cellml:units="milliS">0.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rvdv</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>zdv</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>ydv</ci>
<ci>rvdv</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate">
<variable name="zdv" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.01198974" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_zdv" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_zdv" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="tau_zdv" units="second"/>
<variable name="zdv_ss" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">10000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_zdv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">10000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">90</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">90</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_zdv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
<ci>beta_zdv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>zdv_ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
<ci>beta_zdv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>zdv</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>zdv_ss</ci>
<ci>zdv</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_zdv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate">
<variable name="ydv" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.97497" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_ydv" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_ydv" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="tau_ydv" units="second"/>
<variable name="ydv_ss" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">15</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_ydv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">100</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_ydv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
<ci>beta_ydv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ydv_ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
<ci>beta_ydv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ydv</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ydv_ss</ci>
<ci>ydv</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_ydv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump">
<variable name="i_p_Ca" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="K_mpCa" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0005"/>
<variable name="I_pCa" units="microA" initial_value="1.15"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_pCa</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mpCa</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="sodium_background_current">
<variable name="i_Na_b" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Nab" units="milliS" initial_value="0.004"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_Na" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Nab</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="calcium_background_current">
<variable name="i_Ca_b" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Cab" units="milliS" initial_value="0.003016"/>
<variable name="E_Ca" units="millivolt" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cao</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Cab</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable name="i_NaK" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="I_NaK" units="microA" initial_value="2"/>
<variable name="f_NaK" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="K_mNai" units="millimolar" initial_value="10"/>
<variable name="K_mKo" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable name="sigma" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_NaK</ci>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_mNai</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>K_mKo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="non_specific_calcium_activated_current">
<variable name="i_ns_Ca" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_ns_Na" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_ns_K" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="P_ns_Ca" units="liter_per_second"/>
<variable name="gamma_Nai" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="gamma_Nao" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="gamma_Ki" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="gamma_Ko" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="I_ns_Na" units="microA"/>
<variable name="I_ns_K" units="microA"/>
<variable name="K_m_ns_Ca" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0012"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="liter_per_second">1.75<sep/>-7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_ns_Na</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Nai</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Nao</ci>
<ci>Nao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_ns_K</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Ki</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Ko</ci>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ns_Na</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_ns_Na</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_m_ns_Ca</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ns_K</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_ns_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_m_ns_Ca</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ns_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_ns_Na</ci>
<ci>i_ns_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="Na_Ca_exchanger">
<variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="n_NaCa" units="dimensionless" initial_value="3" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="K_NaCa" units="microA" initial_value="0.002"/>
<variable name="d_NaCa" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.001"/>
<variable name="gamma" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.5"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mM_4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cao</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="calcium_dynamics">
<variable name="i_rel" units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_up" units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_leak" units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_tr" units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="G_rel" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="G_rel_max" units="per_second" initial_value="60000"/>
<variable name="G_rel_overload" units="per_second" initial_value="4000"/>
<variable name="tau_tr" units="second" initial_value="0.18"/>
<variable name="K_mrel" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0008"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_ith" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00018"/>
<variable name="CSQN_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="10"/>
<variable name="K_mCSQN" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable name="K_mup" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00092"/>
<variable name="K_leak" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="I_up" units="millimolar_per_second" initial_value="5"/>
<variable name="Ca_NSR_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="15"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00034209" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.8" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ca_JSR" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.8204291" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ca_NSR" units="millimolar" initial_value="2.7872629" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V_myo" units="micro_litre" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="A_cap" units="mm2" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V_JSR" units="micro_litre"/>
<variable name="V_NSR" units="micro_litre"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_CaCa" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_p_Ca" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_b" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_T" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K_mTn" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0005"/>
<variable name="K_mCMDN" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00238"/>
<variable name="Tn_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.07"/>
<variable name="CMDN_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable name="dVdt" units="millivolt_per_second" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="APtrack" units="dimensionless" initial_value="3.7458e-87"/>
<variable name="APtrack2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2.07066e-86"/>
<variable name="APtrack3" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.01924195"/>
<variable name="Cainfluxtrack" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.660129e-87"/>
<variable name="OVRLDtrack" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1.97626e-323"/>
<variable name="OVRLDtrack2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="-2.470328e-323"/>
<variable name="OVRLDtrack3" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2.2645e-282"/>
<variable name="CSQNthresh" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.7"/>
<variable name="Logicthresh" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.98"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0048</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.68</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0552</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.68</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
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</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">100000</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>dVdt</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt_per_second">150000</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
</apply>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>APtrack2</ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">100000</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>APtrack2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<ci>APtrack2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
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</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.18</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
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<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
</apply>
<ci>APtrack2</ci>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>APtrack3</ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">100000</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>APtrack3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<ci>APtrack3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
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</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.18</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">10</cn>
</apply>
<ci>APtrack3</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>A_cap</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_CaCa</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mm2">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
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</apply>
</piece>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar_per_second">0</cn>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>APtrack2</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<leq/>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">50000</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>CSQNthresh</ci>
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<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
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</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>APtrack3</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.37</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
</apply>
<ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">50000</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
<ci>Logicthresh</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
<ci>Logicthresh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
</apply>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">50000</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
<ci>Logicthresh</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
<ci>Logicthresh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">10</cn>
</apply>
<ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>G_rel</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>G_rel_max</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mrel</ci>
<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>APtrack2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>APtrack2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>G_rel_overload</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<leq/>
<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>G_rel</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_up</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_up</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<ci>K_mup</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_leak</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>I_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_NSR_max</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_leak</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_leak</ci>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_tr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_tr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CSQN_max</ci>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_tr</ci>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_tr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_leak</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Cai</ci>
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<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_max</ci>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Tn_max</ci>
<ci>K_mTn</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mTn</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>A_cap</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_CaCa</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mm2">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_leak</ci>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="ionic_concentrations">
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" initial_value="14.177596" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" initial_value="132" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" initial_value="138.37949" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" initial_value="4.5" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="A_cap" units="mm2" initial_value="1.434e-7" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="preplength" units="mm" initial_value="0.001"/>
<variable name="radius" units="mm" initial_value="1.1e-4"/>
<variable name="volume" units="micro_litre"/>
<variable name="V_myo" units="micro_litre" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Na" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_CaNa" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Na_b" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_ns_Na" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_CaK" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Kr" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Ks" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_K1" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Kp" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_K_ATP" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_ns_K" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_to" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>volume</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<pi/>
<ci>preplength</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>radius</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.68</cn>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
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<bvar>
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</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_CaNa</ci>
<ci>i_Na_b</ci>
<ci>i_ns_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
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</apply>
</apply>
<ci>A_cap</ci>
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<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mm2">1</cn>
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</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
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<ci>time</ci>
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<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_CaK</ci>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_Kp</ci>
<ci>i_K_ATP</ci>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<ci>i_ns_K</ci>
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<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
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<times/>
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</math>
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<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
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<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
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<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
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<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
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<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
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<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="j" variable_2="j"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="d" variable_2="d"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="f" variable_2="f"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="f_Ca" variable_2="f_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="b" variable_2="b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g" variable_2="g"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xr" variable_2="xr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xs1" variable_2="xs1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xs2" variable_2="xs2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K1_infinity" variable_2="K1_infinity"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ydv" variable_2="ydv"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="zdv" variable_2="zdv"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="calcium_dynamics" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_myo" variable_2="V_myo"/>
<map_variables variable_1="A_cap" variable_2="A_cap"/>
</connection>
</model>
