- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2007-07-09 22:20:36+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of wang_li_kuang_2007
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/wang_li_kuang_2007/rawfile/c2e38593d4eae41b8cd2d76f469fe0a250f5c2df/wang_li_kuang_2007.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : wang_model_2007.xml
CREATED : 10th July 2007
LAST MODIFIED : 10th July 2007
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.1 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Wang, Li, and Kuang's 2007 mathematical model and qualitative analysis of insulin therapies.
CHANGES:
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Mathematical modeling and qualitative analysis of insulin therapies</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Diabetes is typically classified as type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes have an impaired ability to produce insulin, through a loss of pancreatic beta-cells, type 2 diabetics produce insulin, but are relatively insensitive to it, and gestational diabetes can occur during pregnancy if a woman is unable to produce sufficient insulin (insulin demands increase during pregnancy). Common to all these patients is an inability to effectively control their blood glucose concentration. In a healthy individual, an elevated plasma glucose concentration stimulates the pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin. In turn, this stimulates glucose up take and storage (as glycogen) by the liver and muscles, and inhibits gluconeogenesis (the synthesis of glucose).
</para>
<para>
As a feature of the metabolic syndrome, and in parallel with the current obesity epidemic, diabetes (in particular type 2) is becoming more common. Extensive research has been carried out on the glucose-insulin endocrine metabolic system, in particular in the search for new and improved therapeutic treatments. Typical current therapies include multiple daily insulin injections or subcutaneous insulin infusion, for example through an insulin pump.
</para>
<para>
In the paper described here, Wang <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> propose a delay differential equation model to simulate pancreatic insulin secretion with exogenous insulin infusion in response to elevated blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetics. The model parameters were based on experimental measurements taken from healthy individuals, and the results of the model simulations show the existence of a stable periodic solution that corresponds to ultradian insulin secretion oscillations.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="wang_2007.png"/>
</imageobject>
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<caption>Glucose (blue solid line) and insulin (red dotted line) concentrations oscillate over time, with a slight time delay between the peaks as insulin spikes in response to elevated glucose levels.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VHX-4NVH834-3&_user=140507&_coverDate=05%2F29%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=search&_cdi=6078&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000011498&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=140507&md5=e47e4907ae45315f3cd1c8c72a341738">Mathematical modeling and qualitative analysis of insulin therapies</ulink>, Haiyan Wang, Jiaxu Li, and Yang Kuang, 2007, <ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00255564">
<emphasis>Mathematical Biosciences</emphasis>
</ulink>. (<ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VHX-4NVH834-3&_user=140507&_coverDate=05%2F29%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6078&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000011498&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=140507&md5=a90cd35af92bd2bce5024199de77921d">Full text (HTML)</ulink> and PDF versions of the article are available to journal subscribers on the <emphasis>Mathematical Biosciences</emphasis> website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17610909&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 17610909</ulink>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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