- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2006-09-04 02:40:17+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of winslow_rice_jafri_marban_ororke_1999
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://staging.physiomeproject.org/workspace/winslow_rice_jafri_marban_ororke_1999/rawfile/34fb43be3b8a9bbe8ba70c45b02c5862879f0985/winslow_rice_jafri_marban_ororke_1999.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : winslow_et_al_model_1999.xml
CREATED : 4th February 2002
LAST MODIFIED : 5th April 2003
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Department of Engineering Science
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification released on 16th
January, 2002.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of the normal and failing
canine ventricular cell based on the Winslow et al model, 1999.
CHANGES:
26/02/2002 - CML - Corrected several equations.
28/02/2002 - CML - Corrected several equations, variable units and their
initial values.
19/07/2002 - CML - Added more metadata.
05/04/2003 - AAC - Changed the model name so the model loads in the database
easier.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="winslow_et_al_model_1999" name="winslow_rice_jafri_marban_ororke_1999_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Canine Ventricular Cell Model, 1999</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
In 1999 Raimond Winslow, Jeremy Rice, Saleet Jafri, Eduardo Marban and Brian O'Rourke published a computational model of the action potential and of intracellular Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> handling in normal and failing canine ventricular myocytes. Using the experimental data of O'Rourke <emphasis>et al</emphasis> (1999) they modified Jafri <emphasis>et al's</emphasis> guinea pig ventricular cell model (1999) to make it appropriate for canine midmyocardial cells (see <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/> below). The CellML description here is of the normal canine ventricular myocyte model. In failing myocytes i_to1 and i_K1 are down regulated on average by 66 percent and 32 percent respectively. The kinetic properties of i_to1 and the gating behaviour if i_K1 remain unaltered. Only the number of expressed channels is reduced (the control may be pre- or post-transcriptional but it is not post-translational). On the basis of these data, the effects of terminal heart failure are modelled by reducing the peak conductance of i_to1 and i_K1. Downregulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> pump is modelled by simultaneous scaling of both the forward and reverse maximum pump rates V<subscript>maxf</subscript> and V<subscript>maxr</subscript> by a scale factor K<subscript>SR</subscript>. Upregulation of the Na-Ca exchanger is modelled by increasing a scale factor K<subscript>NaCa</subscript>.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/84/5/571">Mechanisms of Altered Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Canine Tachycardia-Induced Heart Failure, II Model Studies</ulink>, Raimond L. Winslow, Jeremy Rice, Saleet Jafri, Eduardo Marban and Brian O'Rourke, 1999, <ulink url="http://circres.ahajournals.org/">
<emphasis>Circulation Research</emphasis>
</ulink>, 84, 571-586. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10082479&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 10082479</ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the Winslow <emphasis>et al</emphasis> 1999 model of normal canine ventricular cells can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>. For an example of a more complete documentation for an electrophysiological model, see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>cell diagram of the Winslow et al ventricular cell model showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="winslow_1999.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the Winslow <emphasis>et al</emphasis> canine ventricular cell model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cellml_rendering">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>the cellml rendering of the Winslow et al model</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="cellml_rendering.gif"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!--
Below, we define some additional units for association with variables and
constants within the model. The identifiers are fairly self-explanatory.
-->
<units name="millisecond">
<unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millisecond">
<unit units="second" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt_millisecond">
<unit units="millivolt" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="milliS_per_microF">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="farad" prefix="micro" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="microF_per_cm2">
<unit units="farad" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="-2"/>
</units>
<units name="microA_per_microF">
<unit units="ampere" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="farad" prefix="micro" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar_per_millisecond">
<unit units="millimolar"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar3_per_millisecond">
<unit units="millimolar" exponent="-3"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar4_per_millisecond">
<unit units="millimolar" exponent="-4"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="joule_per_mole_kelvin">
<unit units="joule"/>
<unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="coulomb_per_millimole">
<unit units="coulomb"/>
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="cm_per_second">
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi"/>
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="cm2">
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="2"/>
</units>
<units name="micro_litre">
<unit units="litre" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<!--
The "environment" component is used to declare variables that are used by
all or most of the other components, in this case just "time".
-->
<component name="environment">
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<!--
The "membrane" component is really the `root' node of our model.
It defines the action potential variable "V" among other things.
-->
<component name="membrane">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V" initial_value="-95.87"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8.314"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="310.0"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96.5"/>
<variable units="microF_per_cm2" public_interface="out" name="C_sc" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_K"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_to1"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kp"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_b"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_b"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<ci> i_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_Ca_K </ci>
<ci> i_Kr </ci>
<ci> i_Ks </ci>
<ci> i_to1 </ci>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<ci> i_Kp </ci>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_Na_b </ci>
<ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Na" initial_value="12.8"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="j"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Na </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> m </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> h </ci>
<ci> j </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="E_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Nao </ci>
<ci> Nai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="0.00024676"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_m"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_m"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_m_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_m </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.32 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_m_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_m </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.08 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dm_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_m </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_m </ci>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="0.99869"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_h"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_h"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_h_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_h </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.135 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.8 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_h_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_h </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 3.56 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 0.079 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 310000.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.35 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 0.13 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.66 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -11.1 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="dh_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_h </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_h </ci>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_j_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="j" initial_value="0.99887"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_j"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_j"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_j_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_j </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> -127140.0
</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.2444 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.00003474 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.04391 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 37.78 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.311 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 79.23 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_j_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_j </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.1212 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.01052 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1378 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 40.14 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.3 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.0000002535 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 32.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="dj_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_j </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_j </ci>
<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Kr" initial_value="0.0034"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Ko"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="R_V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="X_kr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="E_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_K </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<ci> Ki </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_Kr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Kr </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Kr </ci>
<ci> f_Ko </ci>
<ci> R_V </ci>
<ci> X_kr </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="f_Ko_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_Ko </ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="R_V_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> R_V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.4945 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0446 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_kr_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="X_kr" initial_value="0.6935"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K12"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K21"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="X_kr_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> X_kr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K12 </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> X_kr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K12 </ci>
<ci> X_kr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="K12_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> K12 </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -5.495 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.169 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="K21_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> K21 </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -7.677 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0128 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Ks" initial_value="0.00271"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ks"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="X_ks"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Ks_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ks </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Ks </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> X_ks </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Ks </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="E_Ks_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_Ks </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.01833 </cn>
<ci> Nao </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Ki </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.01833 </cn>
<ci> Nai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_ks_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="X_ks" initial_value="0.00014589"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="tau_X_ks"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="X_ks_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="X_ks_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> X_ks </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> X_ks_infinity </ci>
<ci> X_ks </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_X_ks </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="X_ks_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> X_ks_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 24.7 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 13.6 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_X_ks_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_X_ks </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0000719 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.148 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.000131 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0687 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_potassium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_to1"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_to1" initial_value="0.23815"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="X_to1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Y_to1"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_to1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_to1 </ci>
<ci> X_to1 </ci>
<ci> Y_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to1_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="X_to1" initial_value="0.00003742"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_X_to1"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_X_to1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="dX_to1_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> X_to1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_X_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> X_to1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_X_to1 </ci>
<ci> X_to1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_X_to1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_X_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.04561 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.03577 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_X_to1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_X_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0989 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.06237 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to1_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Y_to1" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_Y_to1"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_Y_to1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="dY_to1_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Y_to1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_Y_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> Y_to1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_Y_to1 </ci>
<ci> Y_to1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_Y_to1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_Y_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.005415 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.051335 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_Y_to1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_Y_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.005415 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.051335 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_K1" initial_value="2.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mK1" initial_value="13.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="F"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="K1_infinity_V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_K1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_K1 </ci>
<ci> K1_infinity_V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<ci> K_mK1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="K1_infinity_V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_K1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> K1_infinity_V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.5 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="plateau_potassium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Kp"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Kp" initial_value="0.002216"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Kp_V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Kp_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Kp </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Kp </ci>
<ci> Kp_V </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="plateau_potassium_current_Kp_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Kp_V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Kp_V_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Kp_V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.488 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.98 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_exchanger">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCa" initial_value="1.38"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="87.5"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="0.30"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_sat" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="eta" initial_value="0.35"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Na_Ca_exchanger">
<eq/>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_NaCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 5000.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> K_mNa </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Nao </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCa </ci>
<ci> Cao </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_sat </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> eta </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> eta </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Nai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> Cao </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> eta </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Nao </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_NaK" initial_value="0.693"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_NaK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNai" initial_value="10.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mKo" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="f_NaK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1245 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0365 </cn>
<ci> sigma </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="sigma_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> sigma </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 7.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Nao </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 67.3 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_NaK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> I_NaK </ci>
<ci> f_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K_mNai </ci>
<ci> Nai </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<ci> K_mKo </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_p_Ca"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mpCa" initial_value="0.00005"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_pCa" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_p_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> I_pCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mpCa </ci>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_b"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Cab" initial_value="0.0003842"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="E_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Cao </ci>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_Ca_b_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Cab </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Na_b"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Nab" initial_value="0.0031"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Na_b_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Na_b </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Nab </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_K"/>
<variable units="cm_per_second" name="P_Ca" initial_value="0.0003125"/>
<variable units="cm_per_second" name="P_K" initial_value="0.000000579"/>
<variable units="cm_per_second" name="p_k"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="i_Ca_half" initial_value="-0.265"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="i_Ca_max"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="O" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="O_Ca" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="gamma"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_a"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_b"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="g" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="f" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="g_" initial_value="7.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="f_" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="omega" initial_value="0.01"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C0" initial_value="0.99802"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C1" initial_value="0.0000019544"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C2" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C3" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C4" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca0" initial_value="0.0019734"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca1" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca2" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca3" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca4" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="microF_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="C_sc"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_Ca_max </ci>
<ci> y </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> O </ci>
<ci> O_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_Ca_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca_K </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> p_k </ci>
<ci> C_sc </ci>
</apply>
<ci> y </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> O </ci>
<ci> O_Ca </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> F </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> Ko </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="p_k_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> p_k </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> P_K </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> i_Ca_max </ci>
<ci> i_Ca_half </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_Ca_max_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca_max </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> P_Ca </ci>
<ci> C_sc </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> F </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.001 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.341 </cn>
<ci> Cao </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.4 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.05 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 13.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_a_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<ci> a </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_b_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<ci> b </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="gamma_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.10375 </cn>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C0_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C0 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<ci> C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<ci> C_Ca0 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha </ci>
</apply>
<ci> gamma </ci>
</apply>
<ci> C0 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C1_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<ci> C0 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> beta </ci>
<ci> C2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<ci> b </ci>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<ci> a </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C2_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<ci> C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> beta </ci>
<ci> C3 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> a </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C3_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C3 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<ci> C2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
<ci> beta </ci>
<ci> C4 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca3 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> a </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C3 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C4_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C4 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<ci> C3 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g </ci>
<ci> O </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca4 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> f </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> a </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C4 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="O_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> O </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> f </ci>
<ci> C4 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g </ci>
<ci> O </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C_Ca0_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C_Ca0 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<ci> C_Ca1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<ci> C_Ca0 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
</apply>
<ci> omega </ci>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca0 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C_Ca1_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C_Ca1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
<ci> C_Ca0 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<ci> C_Ca2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<ci> a </ci>
<ci> C1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<ci> b </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C_Ca2_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C_Ca2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
<ci> C_Ca1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<ci> C_Ca3 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> a </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> C2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C_Ca3_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C_Ca3 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
<ci> C_Ca2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<ci> C_Ca4 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> a </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> C3 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca3 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="C_Ca4_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> C_Ca4 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_a </ci>
<ci> C_Ca3 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_ </ci>
<ci> O_Ca </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> a </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> C4 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> f_ </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> omega </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> b </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> C_Ca4 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="O_Ca_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> O_Ca </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> f_ </ci>
<ci> C_Ca4 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_ </ci>
<ci> O_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_current_y_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="0.7959"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="tau_y"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="y_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> y </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> y_infinity </ci>
<ci> y </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_y </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="y_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> y_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.8 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 12.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.2 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_y_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_y </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 20.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 600.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 9.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="RyR_channel">
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="v1" initial_value="1.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar4_per_millisecond" name="k_a_plus" initial_value="12150000000.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="k_a_minus" initial_value="0.576"/>
<variable units="millimolar3_per_millisecond" name="k_b_plus" initial_value="4050000.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="k_b_minus" initial_value="1.930"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="k_c_plus" initial_value="0.100"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="k_c_minus" initial_value="0.0008"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O1" initial_value="0.0006027"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O2" initial_value="0.000000002882"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C1" initial_value="0.4929"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C2" initial_value="0.5056"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="n" initial_value="4.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="m" initial_value="3.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="P_C1_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> P_C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> k_a_plus </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> n </ci>
</apply>
<ci> P_C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_a_minus </ci>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="P_O1_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_a_plus </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> n </ci>
</apply>
<ci> P_C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_a_minus </ci>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_b_plus </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_c_plus </ci>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_b_minus </ci>
<ci> P_O2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_c_minus </ci>
<ci> P_C2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="P_O2_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> P_O2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_b_plus </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_b_minus </ci>
<ci> P_O2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="P_C2_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> P_C2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_c_plus </ci>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_c_minus </ci>
<ci> P_C2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_rel_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_rel </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> v1 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
<ci> P_O2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SERCA2a_pump">
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_fb" initial_value="0.000168"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_rb" initial_value="3.29"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="fb"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rb"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="Vmaxf" initial_value="0.0000813"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="Vmaxr" initial_value="0.000318"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_SR" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_fb" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_rb" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="J_up_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_up </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_SR </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Vmaxf </ci>
<ci> fb </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Vmaxr </ci>
<ci> rb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> fb </ci>
<ci> rb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="fb_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> fb </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<ci> K_fb </ci>
</apply>
<ci> N_fb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="rb_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> rb </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
<ci> K_rb </ci>
</apply>
<ci> N_rb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_Ca_fluxes">
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_tr"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_tr" initial_value="0.5747"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_xfer" initial_value="26.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPNCa" initial_value="0.13664"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPNCa" initial_value="0.0055443"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="J_HTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="J_LTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.140"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.070"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="k_htrpn_plus" initial_value="20.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="k_htrpn_minus" initial_value="0.0000066"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="k_ltrpn_plus" initial_value="40.0"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="k_ltrpn_minus" initial_value="0.040"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="J_tr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_tr </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
<ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_tr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_xfer_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_xfer </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_xfer </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_trpn_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_trpn </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> J_HTRPNCa </ci>
<ci> J_LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_HTRPNCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_HTRPNCa </ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> HTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="HTRPNCa_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> HTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_htrpn_plus </ci>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> HTRPN_tot </ci>
<ci> HTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_htrpn_minus </ci>
<ci> HTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_LTRPNCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_LTRPNCa </ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="LTRPNCa_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_ltrpn_plus </ci>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> LTRPN_tot </ci>
<ci> LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_ltrpn_minus </ci>
<ci> LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Nai" initial_value="10.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cai" initial_value="0.00008464"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ki" initial_value="159.48"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ss" initial_value="0.0001315"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_JSR" initial_value="0.2616"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="0.2620"/>
<variable units="cm2" name="A_cap" initial_value="0.0001534"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_myo" initial_value="0.00002584"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_JSR" initial_value="0.00000016"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_NSR" initial_value="0.0000021"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_SS" initial_value="0.0000000012"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CMDN_tot" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_tot" initial_value="15.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_SS"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_JSR"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="microF_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="C_sc"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_b"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_K"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kp"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_to1"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_b"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_tr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Cai_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_i </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> J_xfer </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> J_up </ci>
<ci> J_trpn </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> A_cap </ci>
<ci> C_sc </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Nai_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Nai </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<ci> i_Na_b </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> A_cap </ci>
<ci> C_sc </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ki_internal_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ki </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Ca_K </ci>
<ci> i_Kr </ci>
<ci> i_Ks </ci>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<ci> i_Kp </ci>
<ci> i_to1 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> A_cap </ci>
<ci> C_sc </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_i_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_i </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> CMDN_tot </ci>
<ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_SS_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_SS </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> CMDN_tot </ci>
<ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_JSR_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_JSR </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> CSQN_tot </ci>
<ci> K_mCSQN </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCSQN </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_ss_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_SS </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> J_rel </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_JSR </ci>
<ci> V_SS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> J_xfer </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> V_SS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> A_cap </ci>
<ci> C_sc </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V_SS </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_JSR_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_JSR </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> J_tr </ci>
<ci> J_rel </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_NSR_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> J_up </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> V_NSR </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> J_tr </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_JSR </ci>
<ci> V_NSR </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Nao" initial_value="138.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cao" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ko" initial_value="4.0"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_kr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<component_ref component="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_ks_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current_Kp_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="RyR_channel"/>
<component_ref component="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_Ca_fluxes"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_kr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<component_ref component="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_ks_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current_Kp_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<!--
"Time" is passed from the "environment" component into the
"membrane" and current components.
-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="RyR_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<!--
Several variables are passed between the "membrane" and its sub-components.
-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to1" variable_1="i_to1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="plateau_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kp" variable_1="i_Kp"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="calcium_background_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_b" variable_1="i_Ca_b"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_background_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na_b" variable_1="i_Na_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_K" variable_1="i_Ca_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="C_sc" variable_1="C_sc"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="C_sc" variable_1="C_sc"/>
</connection>
<!-- Several variables are passed between the sibling components. -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_background_current" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to1" variable_1="i_to1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kp" variable_1="i_Kp"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_b" variable_1="i_Ca_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na_b" variable_1="i_Na_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_K" variable_1="i_Ca_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="RyR_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_rel" variable_1="J_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_up" variable_1="J_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="intracellular_Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_tr" variable_1="J_tr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_xfer" variable_1="J_xfer"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_trpn" variable_1="J_trpn"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
</connection>
<!--
Various variables are passed between parent components and their
encapsulated gates.
-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_kr_gate" component_1="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="X_kr" variable_1="X_kr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_ks_gate" component_1="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="X_ks" variable_1="X_ks"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to1_gate" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="X_to1" variable_1="X_to1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to1_gate" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Y_to1" variable_1="Y_to1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K1_infinity_V" variable_1="K1_infinity_V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="plateau_potassium_current_Kp_gate" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Kp_V" variable_1="Kp_V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_current_y_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="y" variable_1="y"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#e8c998ff-a270-4e34-8a5a-b526f2750a1a">
<rdf:li>Ventricular Myocyte</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>calcium dynamics</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author1Vcard"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author2Vcard"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author3Vcard"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author4Vcard"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author5Vcard"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bab307d9-a5e0-49d4-99a1-b89e5998d45a">
<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
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