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Model Mathematics

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Component: buffca

Bmax_SLhighjn = \frac{0.00165 Vmyo}{Vjn} 0.1 Bmax_SLhighsl = \frac{Vmyo}{Vsl} 0.0134 Bmax_SLlowjn = \frac{0.0046 Vmyo}{Vjn} 0.1 Bmax_SLlowsl = \frac{Vmyo}{Vsl} 0.0374 Bmax_SR = 19.0 0.0009 \frac{d}{d time} (CaM) = kon_cam Ca_i (Bmax_CaM - CaM) - (koff_cam CaM) J_CaB_cytosol = \frac{d}{d time} (TnCL) + \frac{d}{d time} (TnCHc) + \frac{d}{d time} (TnCHm) + \frac{d}{d time} (CaM) + \frac{d}{d time} (Myoc) + \frac{d}{d time} (Myom) + \frac{d}{d time} (SRB) J_CaB_jn = \frac{d}{d time} (SLL_jn) + \frac{d}{d time} (SLH_jn) J_CaB_sl = \frac{d}{d time} (SLL_sl) + \frac{d}{d time} (SLH_sl) \frac{d}{d time} (Myoc) = kon_myoca Ca_i (Bmax_myosin - Myoc - Myom) - (koff_myoca Myoc) \frac{d}{d time} (Myom) = kon_myomg Mg_i (Bmax_myosin - Myoc - Myom) - (koff_myomg Myom) \frac{d}{d time} (SLH_jn) = kon_slh Ca_jn (Bmax_SLhighjn - SLH_jn) - (koff_slh SLH_jn) \frac{d}{d time} (SLH_sl) = kon_slh Ca_sl (Bmax_SLhighsl - SLH_sl) - (koff_slh SLH_sl) \frac{d}{d time} (SLL_jn) = kon_sll Ca_jn (Bmax_SLlowjn - SLL_jn) - (koff_sll SLL_jn) \frac{d}{d time} (SLL_sl) = kon_sll Ca_sl (Bmax_SLlowsl - SLL_sl) - (koff_sll SLL_sl) \frac{d}{d time} (SRB) = kon_sr Ca_i (Bmax_SR - SRB) - (koff_sr SRB) \frac{d}{d time} (TnCHc) = kon_tnchca Ca_i (Bmax_TnChigh - TnCHc - TnCHm) - (koff_tnchca TnCHc) \frac{d}{d time} (TnCHm) = kon_tnchmg Mg_i (Bmax_TnChigh - TnCHc - TnCHm) - (koff_tnchmg TnCHm) \frac{d}{d time} (TnCL) = kon_tncl Ca_i (Bmax_TnClow - TnCL) - (koff_tncl TnCL)

Component: buffna

\frac{d}{d time} (NaB_jn) = kon_na Na_jn (Bmax_Na_jn - NaB_jn) - (koff_na NaB_jn) \frac{d}{d time} (NaB_sl) = kon_na Na_sl (Bmax_Na_sl - NaB_sl) - (koff_na NaB_sl)

Component: calcium

Bmax_Csqn = \frac{Vmyo}{Vsr} 0.14 \frac{d}{d time} (Ca_i) = (\frac{(- J_serca) Vsr}{Vmyo} - J_CaB_cytosol) + \frac{JCa_slmyo}{Vmyo} (Ca_sl - Ca_i) \frac{d}{d time} (Ca_jn) = (\frac{(- ICa_tot_jn) C}{Vjn 2.0 F} + \frac{JCa_jnsl}{Vjn} (Ca_sl - Ca_jn) - J_CaB_jn) + \frac{J_SRCarel Vsr}{Vjn} + \frac{J_SRleak Vmyo}{Vjn} \frac{d}{d time} (Ca_sl) = \frac{(- ICa_tot_sl) C}{Vsl 2.0 F} + \frac{JCa_jnsl}{Vsl} (Ca_jn - Ca_sl) + \frac{JCa_slmyo}{Vsl} (Ca_i - Ca_sl) - J_CaB_sl \frac{d}{d time} (Ca_sr) = J_serca - (\frac{J_SRleak Vmyo}{Vsr} + J_SRCarel) - (\frac{d}{d time} (Csqn)) \frac{d}{d time} (Csqn) = kon_csqn Ca_sr (Bmax_Csqn - Csqn) - (koff_csqn Csqn) ICa_tot_jn = ICaL_Ca_jn + ICaB_jn + IpCa_jn - (2.0 INaCa_jn) ICa_tot_sl = ICaL_Ca_sl + ICaB_sl + IpCa_sl - (2.0 INaCa_sl) JCa_jnsl = \frac{1.0}{1.21340000000000000e+12} JCa_slmyo = \frac{1.0}{2.68510000000000000e+11}

Component: cell

Component: engine

Component: geom

Vcell = pi {cell_radius}^{2.0} cell_length (1e-15) Vjn = 0.0539 0.01 Vcell Vmyo = 0.65 Vcell Vsl = 0.02 Vcell Vsr = 0.035 Vcell

Component: icab

ICaB = ICaB_jn + ICaB_sl ICaB_jn = Fjn gCaB (V - ECa_jn) ICaB_sl = Fsl gCaB (V - ECa_sl)

Component: ical

ICaL = ICaL_Ca + ICaL_Na + ICaL_K ICaL_Ca = ICaL_Ca_jn + ICaL_Ca_sl ICaL_Ca_jn = Fjn_CaL ibarca_jn d f ((1.0 - fCaB_jn) + fcaCaj) {Q10CaL}^{Q} 0.45 ICaL_Ca_sl = Fsl_CaL ibarca_sl d f ((1.0 - fCaB_sl) + fcaCaMSL) {Q10CaL}^{Q} 0.45 ICaL_K = ibark d f (Fjn_CaL (fcaCaj + (1.0 - fCaB_jn)) + Fsl_CaL (fcaCaMSL + (1.0 - fCaB_sl))) {Q10CaL}^{Q} 0.45 ICaL_Na = ICaL_Na_jn + ICaL_Na_sl ICaL_Na_jn = Fjn_CaL ibarna_jn d f ((1.0 - fCaB_jn) + fcaCaj) {Q10CaL}^{Q} 0.45 ICaL_Na_sl = Fsl_CaL ibarna_sl d f ((1.0 - fCaB_sl) + fcaCaMSL) {Q10CaL}^{Q} 0.45 \frac{d}{d time} (d) = \frac{ical_d_inf - d}{ical_d_tau} \frac{d}{d time} (f) = \frac{ical_f_inf - f}{ical_f_tau} \frac{d}{d time} (fCaB_jn) = (1.7 Ca_jn (1.0 - fCaB_jn) - (0.0119 fCaB_jn)) 1.0 \frac{d}{d time} (fCaB_sl) = (1.7 Ca_sl (1.0 - fCaB_sl) - (0.0119 fCaB_sl)) 1.0 ibarca_jn = \frac{pCa 4.0 V F FRT (0.341 Ca_jn ⅇ^{2.0 V FRT} - (0.341 Ca_o))}{ⅇ^{2.0 V FRT} - 1.0} ibarca_sl = \frac{pCa 4.0 V F FRT (0.341 Ca_sl ⅇ^{2.0 V FRT} - (0.341 Ca_o))}{ⅇ^{2.0 V FRT} - 1.0} ibark = \frac{pK V F FRT (0.75 K_i ⅇ^{V FRT} - (0.75 K_o))}{ⅇ^{V FRT} - 1.0} ibarna_jn = \frac{pNa V F FRT (0.75 Na_jn ⅇ^{V FRT} - (0.75 Na_o))}{ⅇ^{V FRT} - 1.0} ibarna_sl = \frac{pNa V F FRT (0.75 Na_sl ⅇ^{V FRT} - (0.75 Na_o))}{ⅇ^{V FRT} - 1.0} ical_d_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 9.0)}{6.0}}} ical_d_tau = \frac{ical_d_inf (1.0 - (ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 9.0)}{6.0}}))}{0.035 (V + 9.0)} ical_f_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 30.0}{7.0}}} + \frac{0.2}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{50.0 - V}{20.0}}} ical_f_tau = \frac{1.0}{0.0197 ⅇ^{- ({(0.0337 (V + 25.0))}^{2.0})} + 0.02} pCa = (1.0 - (0.5 AF)) 0.00027 pK = (1.0 - (0.5 AF)) (1.35e-07) pNa = (1.0 - (0.5 AF)) (7.5e-09)

Component: iclb

IClB = gClB (V - ECl)

Component: iclca

IClCa = IClCa_jn + IClCa_sl IClCa_jn = \frac{Fjn gClCa}{1.0 + \frac{KdClCa}{Ca_jn}} (V - ECl) IClCa_sl = \frac{Fsl gClCa}{1.0 + \frac{KdClCa}{Ca_sl}} (V - ECl)

Component: ik1

IK1 = IK1_Fact gK1 \inf (V - EK) Na_observed = Na_sl a_fact = 0.1 + \frac{0.9}{1.0 + {(\frac{Na_observed}{7.0})}^{2.0}} gK1 = (1.0 + AF) \sqrt{\frac{K_o}{5.4}} 0.0525 ik1_inf_a = \frac{a_fact 1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{0.2385 (V - EK - 59.215)}} ik1_inf_b = 1.0 \frac{0.49124 ⅇ^{0.08032 ((V - EK) + 5.476)} + ⅇ^{0.06175 (V - EK - 594.31)}}{1.0 + ⅇ^{(- 0.5143) ((V - EK) + 4.753)}} \inf = \frac{ik1_inf_a}{ik1_inf_a + ik1_inf_b}

Component: ikach

Act = Constitutive_Frac + \frac{(1.0 - Constitutive_Frac) CCh}{CCh + 0.125} IKACh = gKACh Na_dep Act (0.055 + \frac{0.4}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{(V - EK) + 9.53}{17.18}}}) (V - EK) \sqrt{\frac{K_o}{5.4}} Na_dep = \{\begin{matrix} 1.0 + \frac{1.5}{1.0 + {(\frac{9.0}{Na_observed})}^{4.0}} if AF < 1.0 \\ 1.0 otherwise \end{matrix} Na_observed = Na_sl gKACh = 0.1 - (0.05 AF)

Component: ikp

IKp = IKp_jn + IKp_sl IKp_jn = Fjn gKp kp (V - EK) IKp_sl = Fsl gKp kp (V - EK) kp = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{7.488 - (\frac{V}{5.98})}}

Component: ikr

IKr = gKr x r (V - EK) gKr = 0.035 \sqrt{\frac{K_o}{5.4}} ikr_x_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 10.0)}{5.0}}} ikr_x_tau = \frac{\frac{+ 550.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{- 22.0 - V}{9.0}}} 6.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 11.0}{9.0}}} + \frac{230.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 40.0}{20.0}}} r = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 74.0}{24.0}}} \frac{d}{d time} (x) = \frac{ikr_x_inf - x}{ikr_x_tau}

Component: iks

EKs = \frac{1.0}{FRT} \ln (\frac{K_o + pNaK Na_o}{K_i + pNaK Na_i}) IKs = IKs_jn + IKs_sl IKs_jn = Fjn gKs_jn x^{2.0} (V - EKs) IKs_sl = Fsl gKs_sl x^{2.0} (V - EKs) gKs_jn = (1.0 + AF) 0.0035 gKs_sl = (1.0 + AF) 0.0035 iks_x_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 3.8)}{14.25}}} iks_x_tau = \frac{990.1}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 2.436)}{14.12}}} \frac{d}{d time} (x) = \frac{iks_x_inf - x}{iks_x_tau}

Component: ikur

IKur = gKur r s (V - EK) gKur = (1.0 - (0.5 AF)) 0.045 ikur_r_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 6.0}{- 8.6}}} ikur_r_tau = \frac{9.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 5.0}{12.0}}} + 0.5 ikur_s_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 7.5}{10.0}}} ikur_s_tau = \frac{590.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 60.0}{10.0}}} + 3050.0 \frac{d}{d time} (r) = \frac{ikur_r_inf - r}{ikur_r_tau} \frac{d}{d time} (s) = \frac{ikur_s_inf - s}{ikur_s_tau}

Component: ina

INa = INa_jn + INa_sl INa_jn = Fjn gNa m^{3.0} h j (V - ENa_jn) INa_sl = Fsl gNa m^{3.0} h j (V - ENa_sl) \frac{d}{d time} (h) = \frac{ina_h_inf - h}{ina_h_tau} ina_h_alpha = \{\begin{matrix} 0.135 ⅇ^{\frac{V + 80.0}{- 6.8}} if V < - 40.0 \\ 0.0 otherwise \end{matrix} ina_h_beta = \{\begin{matrix} 3.56 ⅇ^{0.079 V} + 310000.0 ⅇ^{0.35 V} if V < - 40.0 \\ \frac{1.0}{0.13 (1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 10.66}{- 11.1}})} otherwise \end{matrix} ina_h_inf = \frac{ina_h_alpha}{ina_h_alpha + ina_h_beta} ina_h_tau = \frac{1.0}{ina_h_alpha + ina_h_beta} ina_j_alpha = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{((- 127140.0) ⅇ^{0.2444 V} - ((3.474e-05) ⅇ^{(- 0.04391) V})) (V + 37.78)}{1.0 + ⅇ^{0.311 (V + 79.23)}} if V < - 40.0 \\ 0.0 otherwise \end{matrix} ina_j_beta = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{0.1212 ⅇ^{(- 0.01052) V}}{1.0 + ⅇ^{(- 0.1378) (V + 40.14)}} if V < - 40.0 \\ \frac{0.3 ⅇ^{(- (2.535e-07)) V}}{1.0 + ⅇ^{(- 0.1) (V + 32.0)}} otherwise \end{matrix} ina_j_inf = \frac{ina_j_alpha}{ina_j_alpha + ina_j_beta} ina_j_tau = \frac{1.0}{ina_j_alpha + ina_j_beta} ina_m_alpha = \{\begin{matrix} 3.2 if V = - 47.13 \\ \frac{0.32 (V + 47.13)}{1.0 - (ⅇ^{(- 0.1) (V + 47.13)})} otherwise \end{matrix} ina_m_beta = 0.08 ⅇ^{\frac{- V}{11.0}} ina_m_inf = \frac{ina_m_alpha}{ina_m_alpha + ina_m_beta} ina_m_tau = \frac{1.0}{ina_m_alpha + ina_m_beta} \frac{d}{d time} (j) = \frac{ina_j_inf - j}{ina_j_tau} \frac{d}{d time} (m) = \frac{ina_m_inf - m}{ina_m_tau}

Component: inab

INaB = INaB_jn + INaB_sl INaB_jn = Fjn gNaB (V - ENa_jn) INaB_sl = Fsl gNaB (V - ENa_sl)

Component: inaca

INaCa = INaCa_jn + INaCa_sl INaCa_jn = \frac{\frac{Fjn IbarNCX {Q10NCX}^{Q} Ka_jn (inaca_INaCa_jn_s1 - inaca_INaCa_jn_s2)}{inaca_INaCa_jn_s3}}{1.0 + ksat ⅇ^{(nu - 1.0) V FRT}} INaCa_sl = \frac{\frac{Fsl IbarNCX {Q10NCX}^{Q} Ka_sl (inaca_INaCa_sl_s1 - inaca_INaCa_sl_s2)}{inaca_INaCa_sl_s3}}{1.0 + ksat ⅇ^{(nu - 1.0) V FRT}} IbarNCX = (1.0 + 0.4 AF) 3.15 Ka_jn = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + {(\frac{Kdact}{Ca_jn})}^{2.0}} Ka_sl = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + {(\frac{Kdact}{Ca_sl})}^{2.0}} inaca_INaCa_jn_s1 = ⅇ^{nu V FRT} {Na_jn}^{3.0} Ca_o inaca_INaCa_jn_s2 = ⅇ^{(nu - 1.0) V FRT} {Na_o}^{3.0} Ca_jn inaca_INaCa_jn_s3 = KmCai {Na_o}^{3.0} (1.0 + {(\frac{Na_jn}{KmNai})}^{3.0}) + {KmNao}^{3.0} Ca_jn (1.0 + \frac{Ca_jn}{KmCai}) + KmCao {Na_jn}^{3.0} + {Na_jn}^{3.0} Ca_o + {Na_o}^{3.0} Ca_jn inaca_INaCa_sl_s1 = ⅇ^{nu V FRT} {Na_sl}^{3.0} Ca_o inaca_INaCa_sl_s2 = ⅇ^{(nu - 1.0) V FRT} {Na_o}^{3.0} Ca_sl inaca_INaCa_sl_s3 = KmCai {Na_o}^{3.0} (1.0 + {(\frac{Na_sl}{KmNai})}^{3.0}) + {KmNao}^{3.0} Ca_sl (1.0 + \frac{Ca_sl}{KmCai}) + KmCao {Na_sl}^{3.0} + {Na_sl}^{3.0} Ca_o + {Na_o}^{3.0} Ca_sl

Component: inak

INaK = INaK_jn + INaK_sl INaK_jn = \frac{\frac{Fjn IbarNaK fnak K_o}{1.0 + {(\frac{KmNaip}{Na_jn})}^{4.0}}}{K_o + KmKo} INaK_sl = \frac{\frac{Fsl IbarNaK fnak K_o}{1.0 + {(\frac{KmNaip}{Na_sl})}^{4.0}}}{K_o + KmKo} fnak = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + 0.1245 ⅇ^{(- 0.1) V FRT} + 0.0365 sigma ⅇ^{(- V) FRT}} sigma = \frac{ⅇ^{\frac{Na_o}{67.3}} - 1.0}{7.0}

Component: inal

INaL = INaL_jn + INaL_sl INaL_jn = Fjn gNaL {ml}^{3.0} hl (V - ENa_jn) INaL_sl = Fsl gNaL {ml}^{3.0} hl (V - ENa_sl) gNaL = 0.0025 AF \frac{d}{d time} (hl) = \frac{inal_hl_inf - hl}{inal_hl_tau} inal_hl_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 91.0}{6.1}}} inal_ml_a = \frac{0.32 (V + 47.13)}{1.0 - (ⅇ^{(- 0.1) (V + 47.13)})} inal_ml_b = 0.08 ⅇ^{\frac{- V}{11.0}} \frac{d}{d time} (ml) = inal_ml_a (1.0 - ml) - (inal_ml_b ml)

Component: ion

Component: ipca

IpCa = IpCa_jn + IpCa_sl IpCa_jn = \frac{Fjn {Q10SLCaP}^{Q} IbarSLCaP ipca_IpCa_jn_a}{ipca_IpCa_jn_a + b} IpCa_sl = \frac{Fsl {Q10SLCaP}^{Q} IbarSLCaP ipca_IpCa_sl_a}{ipca_IpCa_sl_a + b} b = {(KmPCa 1.0)}^{1.6} ipca_IpCa_jn_a = {(Ca_jn 1.0)}^{1.6} ipca_IpCa_sl_a = {(Ca_sl 1.0)}^{1.6}

Component: ito

Ito = gto x y (V - EK) gto = (1.0 - (0.7 AF)) 0.165 ito_x_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 1.0)}{11.0}}} ito_x_tau = 3.5 ⅇ^{- ({(\frac{V}{30.0})}^{2.0})} + 1.5 ito_y_inf = \frac{1.0}{1.0 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 40.5}{11.5}}} ito_y_tau = 25.635 ⅇ^{- ({(\frac{V + 52.45}{15.8827})}^{2.0})} + 24.14 \frac{d}{d time} (x) = \frac{ito_x_inf - x}{ito_x_tau} \frac{d}{d time} (y) = \frac{ito_y_inf - y}{ito_y_tau}

Component: junc

Fsl = 1.0 - Fjn Fsl_CaL = 1.0 - Fjn_CaL

Component: membrane

ICa_tot = ICa_tot_jn + ICa_tot_sl ICl_tot = IClCa + IClB INa_tot = INa_tot_jn + INa_tot_sl I_tot = INa_tot + ICl_tot + ICa_tot + IK_tot \frac{d}{d time} (V) = - (I_tot + I_stim)

Component: nernst

ECa_jn = \frac{\frac{1.0}{FRT}}{2.0} \ln (\frac{Ca_o}{Ca_jn}) ECa_sl = \frac{\frac{1.0}{FRT}}{2.0} \ln (\frac{Ca_o}{Ca_sl}) ECl = \frac{1.0}{FRT} \ln (\frac{Cl_i}{Cl_o}) EK = \frac{1.0}{FRT} \ln (\frac{K_o}{K_i}) ENa_jn = \frac{1.0}{FRT} \ln (\frac{Na_o}{Na_jn}) ENa_sl = \frac{1.0}{FRT} \ln (\frac{Na_o}{Na_sl})

Component: phys

FRT = \frac{\frac{F}{R}}{T} Q = \frac{T - 310.0}{10.0}

Component: potassium

IK_tot = (Ito + IKr + IKs + IK1 - (2.0 INaK)) + ICaL_K + IKp + IKur + IKACh \frac{d}{d time} (K_i) = 0.0

Component: ryr

J_SRCarel = ks o (Ca_sr - Ca_jn) J_SRleak = (1.0 + 0.25 AF) (Ca_sr - Ca_jn) (5.348e-06) J_serca = \frac{{Q10SRCaP}^{Q} Vmax_SRCaP ({(\frac{Ca_i}{Kmf})}^{hillSRCaP} - ({(\frac{Ca_sr}{Kmr})}^{hillSRCaP}))}{1.0 + {(\frac{Ca_i}{Kmf})}^{hillSRCaP} + {(\frac{Ca_sr}{Kmr})}^{hillSRCaP}} Kmf = 2.5 0.000246 RI = 1.0 - r - o - i \frac{d}{d time} (i) = kiSRCa Ca_jn o - (kim i) - (kom i - (koSRCa {Ca_jn}^{2.0} RI)) kCaSR = MaxSR - (\frac{MaxSR - MinSR}{1.0 + {(\frac{ec50SR}{Ca_sr})}^{2.5}}) kiSRCa = kiCa kCaSR koCa = (10.0 + 20.0 AF) 1.0 koSRCa = \frac{koCa}{kCaSR} \frac{d}{d time} (o) = koSRCa {Ca_jn}^{2.0} r - (kom o) - (kiSRCa Ca_jn o - (kim i)) \frac{d}{d time} (r) = kim RI - (kiSRCa Ca_jn r) - (koSRCa {Ca_jn}^{2.0} r - (kom o))

Component: sodium

INa_tot_jn = INa_jn + INaB_jn + 3.0 INaCa_jn + 3.0 INaK_jn + ICaL_Na_jn + INaL_jn INa_tot_sl = INa_sl + INaB_sl + 3.0 INaCa_sl + 3.0 INaK_sl + ICaL_Na_sl + INaL_sl JNa_jnsl = \frac{1.0}{\frac{1.63820000000000000e+12}{3.0} 100.0} JNa_slmyo = \frac{1.0}{\frac{1.83080000000000000e+10}{3.0} 100.0} \frac{d}{d time} (Na_i) = \frac{JNa_slmyo}{Vmyo} (Na_sl - Na_i) \frac{d}{d time} (Na_jn) = \frac{(- INa_tot_jn) C}{Vjn F} + \frac{JNa_jnsl}{Vjn} (Na_sl - Na_jn) - (\frac{d}{d time} (NaB_jn)) \frac{d}{d time} (Na_sl) = \frac{(- INa_tot_sl) C}{Vsl F} + \frac{JNa_jnsl}{Vsl} (Na_jn - Na_sl) + \frac{JNa_slmyo}{Vsl} (Na_i - Na_sl) - (\frac{d}{d time} (NaB_sl))

Component: stimulus

I_stim = \{\begin{matrix} 1.0 if time - offset - (period ⌊ \frac{time - offset}{period} ⌋) < duration \\ 0.0 otherwise \end{matrix} amplitude amplitude = - 90.0

Source: Derived from workspace Voigt, Heijman et al. 2013 human atrial AP model at changeset d163c98c4971.

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Voigt, Heijman et al. 2013 Human Atrial AP model