BG_Ks.cellml

About

Landing page for the slow delayed rectifier potassium channel (Ks).

This channels is known to transport potassium across the plasma membrane according to the concentration gradient. In cardiac cells, it is integral to the formation and maintenance of the action potential.

Kr, Ks and Kur are proposed to be formed of proteins that are from the same families (see table below). These channels are thought to be tetrameric - made of four units of the pore-forming, alpha subunit protein. This is assembled with one or more units of the regulatory beta subunit. There may be other subunits that control channel gating.

Model

The below image shows the bond graph diagram of the channel operating under normal physiological conditions.

BG_Ks

Pictures

K_pic

Schematic of delayed rectifier potassium channel action (purple channel), transferring potassium ions (purple triangles) from the extracellular fluid into the cell cytosol.

Subfamilies

The following list contains a portion of all 12 subfamilies that fall under the Kv group. This portion pertains to the delayed rectifier current only.

Variants within the human species
Channel name Alias x Subunit Binds Current Gene Structure
KCNAx Kv1.x 1 alpha     Uniprot KCNA1 SMR KCNA1
    2 alpha   Kr Uniprot KCNA2 SMR KCNA2
    3 alpha     Uniprot KCNA3 PDB KCNA3
    5 alpha   Kur Uniprot KCNA5 SMR KCNA5
    6 alpha     Uniprot KCNA6 SMR KCNA6
    7 alpha     Uniprot KCNA7 SMR KCNA7
KCNBx Kv2.x 1 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNB1 PDB KCNB1
    2 alpha     Uniprot KCNB2 SMR KCNB2
KCNCx Kv3.x 1 alpha     Uniprot KCNC1 PDB KCNC1
    2 alpha     Uniprot KCNC2 SMR KCNC2
    3 alpha     Uniprot KCNC3 SMR KCNC3
    4 alpha     Uniprot KCNC4 PDB KCNC4
KCNGx Kv6.x 1 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNG1 SMR KCNG1
    2 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNG2 SMR KCNG2
    3 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNG3 SMR KCNG3
    4 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNG4 SMR KCNG4
KCNQx Kv7.x 1 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNQ1 PDB KCNQ1
    2 alpha     Uniprot KCNQ2 EMD KCNQ2
    3 alpha     Uniprot KCNQ3 PDB KCNQ3
    4 alpha     Uniprot KCNQ4 PDB KCNQ4
    5 alpha     Uniprot KCNQ5 PDB KCNQ5
KCNSx Kv9.x 1 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNS1 SMR KCNS1
    2 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNS2 SMR KCNS2
    3 alpha   Ks Uniprot KCNS3 SMR KCNS3
KCNHx Kv10.x 1 alpha     Uniprot KCNH1 PDB KCNH1
  Kv11.1/hERG 2 alpha   Kr Uniprot KCNH2 PDB KCNH2
KCNEx NA 1 beta KCNQ1 Ks Uniprot KCNE1 PDB KCNE1
  NA 2 beta   Kr Uniprot KCNE2 PDB KCNE2
  NA 3 beta KCNB1 Ks Uniprot KCNE3 PDB KCNE3

Column Binds denotes what other protein the protein here binds to, to be functionally active. If item is blank, any binding activity was not experimentally found. Column Current denotes which delayed rectifier current the protein has been experimentally found to contribute to.

Existing models

Link to other PMR workspaces or exposures
Title Author
BG_Ks S Fong
Cellular consequences of HERG mutations in the long QT syndrome: precursors to sudden cardiac death*^ Clancy and Rudy
Bond graph modelling of the cardiac action potential: Implications for drift and non-unique steady states^ Pan et al.
A Model of the Ventricular Cardiac Action Potential - Depolarisation, Repolarisation and Their Interaction*^ Luo and Rudy

Models denoted by [*] are not in bond graph form. Models denoted by [^] are part of a whole cell model.

Other annotations

Item Database
Voltage gated potassium channel subunits Kv1-12 Reactome
Protein activity Gene Ontology
Hierarchy of Kv channels Interpro