Rendering of the source text

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This CellML file was generated on 12/04/2010 at 10:25:27 at a.m. using:

COR (0.9.31.1371)
Copyright 2002-2010 Dr Alan Garny
http://cor.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - cor@physiol.ox.ac.uk

CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.cellml.org/
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				<title>A novel computational model of the human ventricular action potential and Ca transient
</title>
				<author>
					<firstname>Geoffrey</firstname>
					<surname>Nunns</surname>
					<affiliation>
						<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
					</affiliation>
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			<section id="sec_status">
				<title>Model Status</title>
				<para>
				This CellML model is part of a CellML 1.1 model, this segment contains all the model equations describing cellular species. It is imported by smaller CellML models which describe different voltage protocols, and does not run as a standalone model. The units are consistent throughout. 
				 
				</para>
			</section>
			<sect1 id="sec_structure">
				<title>Model Structure</title>
				<para>
ABSTRACT: We have developed a detailed mathematical model for Ca handling and ionic currents in the human ventricular myocyte. Our aims were to: (1) simulate basic excitation-contraction coupling phenomena; (2) use realistic repolarizing K current densities; (3) reach steady-state. The model relies on the framework of the rabbit myocyte model previously developed by our group, with subsarcolemmal and junctional compartments where ion channels sense higher [Ca] vs. bulk cytosol. Ion channels and transporters have been modeled on the basis of the most recent experimental data from human ventricular myocytes. Rapidly and slowly inactivating components of I(to) have been formulated to differentiate between endocardial and epicardial myocytes. Transmural gradients of Ca handling proteins and Na pump were also simulated. The model has been validated against a wide set of experimental data including action potential duration (APD) adaptation and restitution, frequency-dependent increase in Ca transient peak and [Na](i). Interestingly, Na accumulation at fast heart rate is a major determinant of APD shortening, via outward shifts in Na pump and Na-Ca exchange currents. We investigated the effects of blocking K currents on APD and repolarization reserve: I(Ks) block does not affect the former and slightly reduces the latter; I(K1) blockade modestly increases APD and more strongly reduces repolarization reserve; I(Kr) blockers significantly prolong APD, an effect exacerbated as pacing frequency is decreased, in good agreement with experimental results in human myocytes. We conclude that this model provides a useful framework to explore excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms and repolarization abnormalities at the single myocyte level.
</para>
				<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
				<para>
A novel computational model of the human ventricular action potential and Ca transient, Eleonora Grandi, Francesco S. Pasqualini, Donald M. Bers, 2010, <emphasis>Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology</emphasis>, volume 48, 112-121.  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;dopt=AbstractPlus&amp;list_uids=19835882&amp;query_hl=1&amp;itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 19835882</ulink>
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            -3</cn>
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            <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_msec">19.6   <sep/>
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                        <minus/>
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                              <divide/>
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                                 <ci>V_m</ci>
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                              <cn cellml:units="mV">15.54</cn>
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                           <power/>
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                              <divide/>
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                                 <ci>V_m</ci>
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                              <cn cellml:units="mV">51.12</cn>
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                     <ci>V_m</ci>
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                        <cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
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                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
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                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V_m</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">80</cn>
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            <ci>bh</ci>
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               <piece>
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                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.77</cn>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.13</cn>
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                                       <ci>V_m</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="mV">10.66</cn>
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                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">11.1</cn>
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                     <geq/>
                     <ci>V_m</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
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                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2.7</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.079</cn>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
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                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="dimensionless">3.1   <sep/>
                        5</cn>
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                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.3485</cn>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tauh</ci>
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                  <ci>ah</ci>
                  <ci>bh</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>hss</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
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                  <power/>
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                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">71.55</cn>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>aj</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <geq/>
                     <ci>V_m</ci>
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                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
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                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_mV">2.5428   <sep/>
                                 4</cn>
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                                    <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.2444</cn>
                                    <ci>V_m</ci>
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                              <times/>
                              <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_mV">6.948   <sep/>
                              -6</cn>
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                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.04391</cn>
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                                    <ci>V_m</ci>
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                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V_m</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">37.78</cn>
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                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
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                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.311</cn>
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                                 <ci>V_m</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">79.23</cn>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>bj</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
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                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.6</cn>
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                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.057</cn>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
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                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
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                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.1</cn>
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                              <apply>
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                                 <ci>V_m</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">32</cn>
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                  <apply>
                     <geq/>
                     <ci>V_m</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
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                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.02424</cn>
                        <apply>
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                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.01052</cn>
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                              <ci>V_m</ci>
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                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
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                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.1378</cn>
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                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V_m</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">40.14</cn>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tauj</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="msec">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>aj</ci>
                  <ci>bj</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>jss</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
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               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
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                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">71.55</cn>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>m</ci>
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            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>mss</ci>
                  <ci>m</ci>
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               <ci>taum</ci>
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         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>h</ci>
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            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>hss</ci>
                  <ci>h</ci>
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               <ci>tauh</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>j</ci>
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               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>jss</ci>
                  <ci>j</ci>
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               <ci>tauj</ci>
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            <ci>I_Na_junc</ci>
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               <times/>
               <ci>Fjunc</ci>
               <ci>GNa</ci>
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                  <power/>
                  <ci>m</ci>
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               <ci>h</ci>
               <ci>j</ci>
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                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>ena_junc</ci>
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         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Na_sl</ci>
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               <times/>
               <ci>Fsl</ci>
               <ci>GNa</ci>
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                  <power/>
                  <ci>m</ci>
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               <ci>h</ci>
               <ci>j</ci>
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                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>ena_sl</ci>
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            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_Na_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_Na_sl</ci>
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      <variable name="I_nabk" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
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      <variable name="Fsl" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
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               <times/>
               <ci>Fjunc</ci>
               <ci>GNaB</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>ena_junc</ci>
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               <times/>
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               <ci>GNaB</ci>
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                  <minus/>
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                  <ci>ena_sl</ci>
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            <eq/>
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               <ci>I_nabk_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_nabk_sl</ci>
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            <ci>sigma</ci>
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                  <minus/>
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            <ci>fnak</ci>
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                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
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                           <times/>
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                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
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                           <ci>V_m</ci>
                           <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                     <ci>sigma</ci>
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                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
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                           <ci>FoRT</ci>
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            <ci>I_nak_junc</ci>
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               <apply>
                  <divide/>
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                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fjunc</ci>
                     <ci>IbarNaK</ci>
                     <ci>fnak</ci>
                     <ci>Ko</ci>
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                        <power/>
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                           <ci>KmNaip</ci>
                           <ci>Na_j</ci>
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                  <ci>Ko</ci>
                  <ci>KmKo</ci>
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                     <ci>Fsl</ci>
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                           <ci>KmNaip</ci>
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            <ci>I_nak</ci>
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               <ci>I_nak_junc</ci>
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      <variable name="Ko" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="ek" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
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            <ci>gkr</ci>
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                  <root/>
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            <ci>xrss</ci>
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                              <ci>V_m</ci>
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            <ci>tauxr</ci>
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               <plus/>
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                     <times/>
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                                 <divide/>
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                                    <ci>V_m</ci>
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                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">9</cn>
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                     <ci>Ko</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="mM">5.4</cn>
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                  <ci>ek</ci>
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      <variable name="I_ClCa" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_Clbk" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="V_m" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="ecl" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Fjunc" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Fsl" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="GClCa" units="mS_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="GClB" units="mS_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="KdClCa" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_sl" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_j" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>I_ClCa_junc</ci>
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               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fjunc</ci>
                     <ci>GClCa</ci>
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                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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                        <divide/>
                        <ci>KdClCa</ci>
                        <ci>Ca_j</ci>
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                  <minus/>
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                  <ci>ecl</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>I_ClCa_sl</ci>
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               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
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                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fsl</ci>
                     <ci>GClCa</ci>
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                        <ci>KdClCa</ci>
                        <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
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               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>ecl</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_ClCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_ClCa_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_ClCa_sl</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Clbk</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>GClB</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>ecl</ci>
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      <variable name="tauf" units="msec" public_interface="out"/>
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      <variable name="f" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1.000681" public_interface="out"/>
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      <variable name="pCa" units="cm_per_sec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="pK" units="cm_per_sec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="pNa" units="cm_per_sec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ko" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_j" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_sl" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
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      <variable name="Na_sl" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>fss</ci>
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               <plus/>
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                  <divide/>
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                        <exp/>
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                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">35</cn>
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                           <cn cellml:units="mV">9</cn>
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                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">50</cn>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
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                           <cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>dss</ci>
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               <divide/>
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                     <exp/>
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                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
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                        <cn cellml:units="mV">6</cn>
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            <ci>taud</ci>
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               <divide/>
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                  <times/>
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                  <ci>dss</ci>
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                     <minus/>
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                        <exp/>
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                              <minus/>
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                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V_m</ci>
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                           <cn cellml:units="mV">6</cn>
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                  <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.035</cn>
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                     <plus/>
                     <ci>V_m</ci>
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                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0197</cn>
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                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
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                              <power/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.0337</cn>
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                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V_m</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="mV">14.5</cn>
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            <apply>
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               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>d</ci>
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                  <minus/>
                  <ci>dss</ci>
                  <ci>d</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>f</ci>
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               <divide/>
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                  <minus/>
                  <ci>fss</ci>
                  <ci>f</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <minus/>
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                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_msec">1.7</cn>
                        <ci>Ca_j</ci>
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                     <ci>f_Ca_Bj</ci>
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                  <times/>
                  <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_msec">11.9   <sep/>
                  -3</cn>
                  <ci>f_Ca_Bj</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>f_Ca_Bsl</ci>
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               <minus/>
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                     <divide/>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_msec">1.7</cn>
                        <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
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                     <minus/>
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                     <ci>f_Ca_Bsl</ci>
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                  <times/>
                  <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_msec">11.9   <sep/>
                  -3</cn>
                  <ci>f_Ca_Bsl</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>fcaCaMSL</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>fcaCaj</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>ibarca_j</ci>
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               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>pCa</ci>
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                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>Frdy</ci>
                  <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
                        <ci>Ca_j</ci>
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                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
                        <ci>Cao</ci>
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                  <minus/>
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                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        <ci>V_m</ci>
                        <ci>FoRT</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>ibarca_sl</ci>
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               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>pCa</ci>
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                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>Frdy</ci>
                  <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                     <minus/>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
                        <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
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                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
                        <ci>Cao</ci>
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                  <minus/>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        <ci>V_m</ci>
                        <ci>FoRT</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>ibark</ci>
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               <divide/>
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                  <times/>
                  <ci>pK</ci>
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                  <ci>Frdy</ci>
                  <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                     <minus/>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="correction_factor">0.75</cn>
                        <ci>K_i</ci>
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                           <exp/>
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                              <times/>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="correction_factor">0.75</cn>
                        <ci>Ko</ci>
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                  <minus/>
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                     <exp/>
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                        <times/>
                        <ci>V_m</ci>
                        <ci>FoRT</ci>
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            <ci>ibarna_j</ci>
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               <divide/>
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                  <times/>
                  <ci>pNa</ci>
                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>Frdy</ci>
                  <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                     <minus/>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="correction_factor">0.75</cn>
                        <ci>Na_j</ci>
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                           <exp/>
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                              <times/>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="correction_factor">0.75</cn>
                        <ci>Nao</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <ci>V_m</ci>
                        <ci>FoRT</ci>
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               <divide/>
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                  <times/>
                  <ci>pNa</ci>
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                  <ci>Frdy</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="correction_factor">0.75</cn>
                        <ci>Na_sl</ci>
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                              <times/>
                              <ci>V_m</ci>
                              <ci>FoRT</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="correction_factor">0.75</cn>
                        <ci>Nao</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <ci>V_m</ci>
                        <ci>FoRT</ci>
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               <times/>
               <ci>Fjunc_CaL</ci>
               <ci>ibarca_j</ci>
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                  <plus/>
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                     <ci>f_Ca_Bj</ci>
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               <times/>
               <ci>Fsl_CaL</ci>
               <ci>ibarca_sl</ci>
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                  <plus/>
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                     <minus/>
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                     <ci>f_Ca_Bsl</ci>
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                  <power/>
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               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.45</cn>
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               <plus/>
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               <ci>I_Ca_sl</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>I_CaK</ci>
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               <times/>
               <ci>ibark</ci>
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                  <plus/>
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                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fjunc_CaL</ci>
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                        <plus/>
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                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>f_Ca_Bj</ci>
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                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fsl_CaL</ci>
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                        <plus/>
                        <ci>fcaCaMSL</ci>
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                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>f_Ca_Bsl</ci>
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                  <power/>
                  <ci>Q10CaL</ci>
                  <ci>Qpow</ci>
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               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.45</cn>
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            <ci>I_CaNa_junc</ci>
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               <times/>
               <ci>Fjunc_CaL</ci>
               <ci>ibarna_j</ci>
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                  <plus/>
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                     <minus/>
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                     <ci>f_Ca_Bj</ci>
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                  <ci>fcaCaj</ci>
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                  <power/>
                  <ci>Q10CaL</ci>
                  <ci>Qpow</ci>
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               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.45</cn>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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            <ci>I_CaNa_sl</ci>
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               <times/>
               <ci>Fsl_CaL</ci>
               <ci>ibarna_sl</ci>
               <ci>d</ci>
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                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
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                     <ci>f_Ca_Bsl</ci>
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                  <ci>fcaCaMSL</ci>
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                  <power/>
                  <ci>Q10CaL</ci>
                  <ci>Qpow</ci>
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               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.45</cn>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_CaNa</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_CaNa_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_CaNa_sl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Catot</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_Ca</ci>
               <ci>I_CaK</ci>
               <ci>I_CaNa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="I_NCX">
      <variable name="Ka_junc" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ka_sl" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="s1_junc" units="mM4" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="s1_sl" units="mM4" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="s2_junc" units="mM4" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="s3_junc" units="mM4" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="s2_sl" units="mM4" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="s3_sl" units="mM4" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_ncx_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_ncx_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_ncx" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="V_m" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="FoRT" units="per_mV" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="ksat" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Kdact" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="KmCai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="KmCao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="KmNai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="KmNao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="nu" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Fjunc" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Fsl" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="IbarNCX" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Q10NCX" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Qpow" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_sl" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_j" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Na_j" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Na_sl" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ka_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Kdact</ci>
                        <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ka_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Kdact</ci>
                        <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s1_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>nu</ci>
                     <ci>V_m</ci>
                     <ci>FoRT</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>Na_j</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>Cao</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s1_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>nu</ci>
                     <ci>V_m</ci>
                     <ci>FoRT</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>Na_sl</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>Cao</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s2_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>nu</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>V_m</ci>
                     <ci>FoRT</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>Nao</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>Ca_j</ci>
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         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s3_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>KmCai</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Nao</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Na_j</ci>
                           <ci>KmNai</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>KmNao</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                        <ci>KmCai</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>KmCao</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Na_j</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Na_j</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Cao</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Nao</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Ca_j</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s2_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>nu</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>V_m</ci>
                     <ci>FoRT</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>Nao</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s3_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>KmCai</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Nao</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Na_sl</ci>
                           <ci>KmNai</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>KmNao</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                        <ci>KmCai</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>KmCao</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Na_sl</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Na_sl</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Cao</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Nao</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_ncx_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fjunc</ci>
                     <ci>IbarNCX</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Q10NCX</ci>
                        <ci>Qpow</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Ka_junc</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>s1_junc</ci>
                        <ci>s2_junc</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>s3_junc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>ksat</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>nu</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>V_m</ci>
                           <ci>FoRT</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_ncx_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fsl</ci>
                     <ci>IbarNCX</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Q10NCX</ci>
                        <ci>Qpow</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Ka_sl</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>s1_sl</ci>
                        <ci>s2_sl</ci>
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                  </apply>
                  <ci>s3_sl</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>ksat</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>nu</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>V_m</ci>
                           <ci>FoRT</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_ncx</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_ncx_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_ncx_sl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="I_PCa">
      <variable name="I_pca_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_pca_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_pca" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="IbarSLCaP" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="KmPCa" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Fjunc" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Fsl" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Q10SLCaP" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Qpow" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_sl" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_j" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_pca_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Fjunc</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Q10SLCaP</ci>
                     <ci>Qpow</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>IbarSLCaP</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.6</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>KmPCa</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.6</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.6</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_pca_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Fsl</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Q10SLCaP</ci>
                     <ci>Qpow</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>IbarSLCaP</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.6</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>KmPCa</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.6</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.6</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_pca</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_pca_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_pca_sl</ci>
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         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="I_CaBK">
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      <variable name="I_cabk_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_cabk" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="V_m" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Fjunc" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Fsl" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="GCaB" units="mS_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="eca_junc" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="eca_sl" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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            <eq/>
            <ci>I_cabk_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>Fjunc</ci>
               <ci>GCaB</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>eca_junc</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_cabk_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>Fsl</ci>
               <ci>GCaB</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V_m</ci>
                  <ci>eca_sl</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_cabk</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_cabk_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_cabk_sl</ci>
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         </apply>
      </math>
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      <variable name="MaxSR" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="MinSR" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="kCaSR" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="koSRCa" units="per_mM2_per_msec" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="kiSRCa" units="per_mM_per_msec" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="RI" units="mM" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ry_Rr" units="mM" initial_value="8.884332e-1" public_interface="out"/>
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      <variable name="J_SRCarel" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="J_serca" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="J_SRleak" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="time" units="msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="ec50SR" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="koCa" units="per_mM2_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="kiCa" units="per_mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="kim" units="per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="kom" units="per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="ks" units="per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Kmf" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Kmr" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Q10SRCaP" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Qpow" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vmax_SRCaP" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="hillSRCaP" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_sr" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_j" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ca_i" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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            <eq/>
            <ci>MaxSR</ci>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">15</cn>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>MinSR</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>kCaSR</ci>
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               <ci>MaxSR</ci>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>MaxSR</ci>
                     <ci>MinSR</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
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                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>ec50SR</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_sr</ci>
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                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2.5</cn>
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                  </apply>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>koSRCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>koCa</ci>
               <ci>kCaSR</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>kiSRCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>kiCa</ci>
               <ci>kCaSR</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>RI</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="mM">1</cn>
                     <ci>Ry_Rr</ci>
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                  <ci>Ry_Ro</ci>
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               <ci>Ry_Ri</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>Ry_Rr</ci>
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            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kim</ci>
                     <ci>RI</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kiSRCa</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                     <ci>Ry_Rr</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>koSRCa</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
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                     <ci>Ry_Rr</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kom</ci>
                     <ci>Ry_Ro</ci>
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               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>Ry_Ro</ci>
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            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>koSRCa</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
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                     <ci>Ry_Rr</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kom</ci>
                     <ci>Ry_Ro</ci>
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               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kiSRCa</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                     <ci>Ry_Ro</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kim</ci>
                     <ci>Ry_Ri</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>Ry_Ri</ci>
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            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kiSRCa</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                     <ci>Ry_Ro</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kim</ci>
                     <ci>Ry_Ri</ci>
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               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
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      <variable name="time" units="msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Bmax_Csqn" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="kon_csqn" units="per_mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="koff_csqn" units="per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vmyo" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vsr" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_serca" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_SRleak" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_SRCarel" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Csqn_b</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>kon_csqn</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_sr</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Bmax_Csqn</ci>
                     <ci>Csqn_b</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>koff_csqn</ci>
                  <ci>Csqn_b</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_sr</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>J_serca</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>J_SRleak</ci>
                           <ci>Vmyo</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Vsr</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>J_SRCarel</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>kon_csqn</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_sr</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Bmax_Csqn</ci>
                        <ci>Csqn_b</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>koff_csqn</ci>
                     <ci>Csqn_b</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="Na_Concentrations">
      <variable name="I_Na_tot_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_Na_tot_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_Na_tot_sl2" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_Na_tot_junc2" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Na_j" units="mM" initial_value="9.06" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Na_sl" units="mM" initial_value="9.06" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Na_i" units="mM" initial_value="9.06" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="time" units="msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cmem" units="farad" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Frdy" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_na_juncsl" units="liters_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_na_slmyo" units="liters_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vjunc" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vsl" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vmyo" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Na_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_nabk_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_ncx_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_nak_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_CaNa_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Na_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_nabk_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_ncx_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_nak_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_CaNa_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="dNa_Bj_dt" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="dNa_Bsl_dt" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Na_tot_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_Na_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_nabk_junc</ci>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  <ci>I_ncx_junc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  <ci>I_nak_junc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>I_CaNa_junc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Na_tot_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_Na_sl</ci>
               <ci>I_nabk_sl</ci>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  <ci>I_ncx_sl</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  <ci>I_nak_sl</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>I_CaNa_sl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Na_tot_sl2</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  <ci>I_ncx_sl</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  <ci>I_nak_sl</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>I_CaNa_sl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Na_tot_junc2</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  <ci>I_ncx_junc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  <ci>I_nak_junc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>I_CaNa_junc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Na_j</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>I_Na_tot_junc</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Cmem</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Vjunc</ci>
                        <ci>Frdy</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>J_na_juncsl</ci>
                        <ci>Vjunc</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Na_sl</ci>
                        <ci>Na_j</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>dNa_Bj_dt</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Na_sl</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>I_Na_tot_sl</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Cmem</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Vsl</ci>
                        <ci>Frdy</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>J_na_juncsl</ci>
                        <ci>Vsl</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Na_j</ci>
                        <ci>Na_sl</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>J_na_slmyo</ci>
                        <ci>Vsl</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Na_i</ci>
                        <ci>Na_sl</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>dNa_Bsl_dt</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Na_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>J_na_slmyo</ci>
                  <ci>Vmyo</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Na_sl</ci>
                  <ci>Na_i</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="K_Concentration">
      <variable name="I_K_tot" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="K_i" units="mM" initial_value="120" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="time" units="msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_to" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_kr" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_ks" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_ki" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_nak" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_CaK" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_kp" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_K_tot</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>I_to</ci>
                     <ci>I_kr</ci>
                     <ci>I_ks</ci>
                     <ci>I_ki</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     <ci>I_nak</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>I_CaK</ci>
               <ci>I_kp</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>K_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="mM_per_msec">0</cn>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="Ca_Concentrations">
      <variable name="I_Ca_tot_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_Ca_tot_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ca_j" units="mM" initial_value="1.737475e-4" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ca_sl" units="mM" initial_value="1.031812e-4" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ca_i" units="mM" initial_value="8.597401e-5" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="time" units="msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Ca_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_cabk_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_pca_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_ncx_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Ca_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_cabk_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_pca_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_ncx_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cmem" units="farad" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vjunc" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vsl" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vsr" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Vmyo" units="liter" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Frdy" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_CaB_junction" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_SRCarel" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_ca_juncsl" units="liters_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_CaB_sl" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_ca_slmyo" units="liters_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_serca" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_SRleak" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="J_CaB_cytosol" units="mM_per_msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Ca_tot_junc</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>I_Ca_junc</ci>
                  <ci>I_cabk_junc</ci>
                  <ci>I_pca_junc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  <ci>I_ncx_junc</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Ca_tot_sl</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>I_Ca_sl</ci>
                  <ci>I_cabk_sl</ci>
                  <ci>I_pca_sl</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  <ci>I_ncx_sl</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_j</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>I_Ca_tot_junc</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>Cmem</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>Vjunc</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           <ci>Frdy</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_ca_juncsl</ci>
                           <ci>Vjunc</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>J_CaB_junction</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>J_SRCarel</ci>
                     <ci>Vsr</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Vjunc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>J_SRleak</ci>
                     <ci>Vmyo</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Vjunc</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>I_Ca_tot_sl</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Cmem</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Vsl</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        <ci>Frdy</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>J_ca_juncsl</ci>
                        <ci>Vsl</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Ca_j</ci>
                        <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>J_ca_slmyo</ci>
                        <ci>Vsl</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>J_CaB_sl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>J_serca</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Vsr</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Vmyo</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>J_CaB_cytosol</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>J_ca_slmyo</ci>
                     <ci>Vmyo</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Ca_sl</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="membrane_potential">
      <variable name="I_Na_tot" units="uA_per_uF"/>
      <variable name="I_Cl_tot" units="uA_per_uF"/>
      <variable name="I_Ca_tot" units="uA_per_uF"/>
      <variable name="I_tot" units="uA_per_uF"/>
      <variable name="V_m" units="mV" initial_value="-8.09763e1" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_app" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="time" units="msec" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Na_tot_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Na_tot_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_ClCa" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Clbk" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Ca_tot_junc" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_Ca_tot_sl" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_K_tot" units="uA_per_uF" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Na_tot</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_Na_tot_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_Na_tot_sl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Cl_tot</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_ClCa</ci>
               <ci>I_Clbk</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_Ca_tot</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_Ca_tot_junc</ci>
               <ci>I_Ca_tot_sl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_tot</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>I_Na_tot</ci>
               <ci>I_Cl_tot</ci>
               <ci>I_Ca_tot</ci>
               <ci>I_K_tot</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>V_m</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>I_tot</ci>
                  <ci>I_app</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <group xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
      <component_ref component="interface">
         <component_ref component="environment"/>
         <component_ref component="parameters"/>
         <component_ref component="I_Na"/>
         <component_ref component="I_NaBK"/>
         <component_ref component="I_NaK"/>
         <component_ref component="I_Kr"/>
         <component_ref component="I_Kp"/>
         <component_ref component="I_Ks"/>
         <component_ref component="I_to"/>
         <component_ref component="I_Ki"/>
         <component_ref component="I_ClCa"/>
         <component_ref component="I_Ca"/>
         <component_ref component="I_NCX"/>
         <component_ref component="I_PCa"/>
         <component_ref component="I_CaBK"/>
         <component_ref component="SR_Fluxes"/>
         <component_ref component="Na_Buffers"/>
         <component_ref component="Cytosolic_Ca_Buffers"/>
         <component_ref component="Junctional_and_SL_Ca_Buffers"/>
         <component_ref component="SR_Ca_Concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="Na_Concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="K_Concentration"/>
         <component_ref component="Ca_Concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="membrane_potential"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="interface" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="interface" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V_m" variable_2="V_m"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_app" variable_2="I_app"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="I_Na" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
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   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="Na_Concentrations" component_2="I_NaBK"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_nabk_junc" variable_2="I_nabk_junc"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_nabk_sl" variable_2="I_nabk_sl"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="K_Concentration" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="K_Concentration" component_2="parameters"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="K_i" variable_2="K_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="K_Concentration" component_2="I_to"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_to" variable_2="I_to"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="K_Concentration" component_2="I_Ki"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_ki" variable_2="I_ki"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="K_Concentration" component_2="I_Kr"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_kr" variable_2="I_kr"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="K_Concentration" component_2="I_NaK"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_nak" variable_2="I_nak"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="K_Concentration" component_2="I_Kp"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_kp" variable_2="I_kp"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="Ca_Concentrations" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="Ca_Concentrations" component_2="parameters"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cmem" variable_2="Cmem"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Vjunc" variable_2="Vjunc"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Vsl" variable_2="Vsl"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Vsr" variable_2="Vsr"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Vmyo" variable_2="Vmyo"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Frdy" variable_2="Frdy"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="J_ca_juncsl" variable_2="J_ca_juncsl"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="J_ca_slmyo" variable_2="J_ca_slmyo"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ca_j" variable_2="Ca_j"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ca_sl" variable_2="Ca_sl"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="Ca_Concentrations" component_2="I_CaBK"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_cabk_sl" variable_2="I_cabk_sl"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_cabk_junc" variable_2="I_cabk_junc"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="Na_Concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_Na_tot_junc" variable_2="I_Na_tot_junc"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_Na_tot_sl" variable_2="I_Na_tot_sl"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="K_Concentration"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_K_tot" variable_2="I_K_tot"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="Ca_Concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_Ca_tot_junc" variable_2="I_Ca_tot_junc"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="I_Ca_tot_sl" variable_2="I_Ca_tot_sl"/>
   </connection>
</model>