Rendering of the source text

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--  FILE :  kneller_model_2002.xml

CREATED :  25th June 2002

LAST MODIFIED : 13th August 2003

AUTHOR :  Catherine Lloyd
          The Bioengineering Institute
          The University of Auckland
          
MODEL STATUS :  This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification released on 16th
January, 2002.

DESCRIPTION :  This file contains a CellML description of Kneller et al's 2002 mathematical model of the canine atrial action potential.   

CHANGES:
  18/07/2002 - CML - Added more metadata.
  09/04/2003 - AAC - Added publication date information.  
  04/06/2003 - CML - Fixed MathML in a few components.
  13/08/2003 - CML - Corrected equations.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="kneller_ramirez_chartier_courtemanche_nattel_2002_version01" name="kneller_ramirez_chartier_courtemanche_nattel_2002_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>Mathematical Model of a Canine Atrial Action Potential, 2002</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
            This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
            CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
Since the publishment of the DiFrancesco-Noble model of cardiac myocyte electrophysiology in 1985 several other dynamic mathematical models of the cardiac action potential have been developed.  These models include equations that describe transmembrane ion channels and pumps, as well as the intracellular calcium uptake and release activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and changing intracellular ionic concentrations.  Dynamic models are carefully constructed to accurately simulate the experimentally observed electrophysiological behaviour of cells.
</para>

<para>
Time-dependent changes (transients) in ionic concentrations and action potentials are often observed in experiments.  In mathematical models, transients may represent artifacts of the equations or may reflect physiological processes.  In their 2002 paper, James Kneller, Rafael J. Ramirez, Denis Charter, Marc Courtemanche and Stanley Nattel studied electrophysiological transients in an ionic model of the canine atrial action potential.  Their aims were to determine whether dynamic models reach stability during sustained pacing, to investigate the ionic basis of action potential transients in the model, and to compare real physiological action potential transients with those generated by the model.  Their model was based on the previously published Ramirez-Nattel-Courtemanche (RNC) model of the canine action potential (see Ramirez <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> Canine Atrial Action Potential Model, 2000, also in the CellML model repository).  In this model, <emphasis>I</emphasis>
          <subscript>Cl,Ca</subscript> brings Cl<superscript>-</superscript> into the cell, but there is no equation to account for Cl<superscript>-</superscript> efflux.  In their 2002 modified version of the RNC model, James Kneller, Rafael J. Ramirez, Denis Charter, Marc Courtemanche and Stanley Nattel include an inward, electroneutral Na<superscript>+</superscript>-Cl<superscript>-</superscript> cotransporter (<emphasis>I</emphasis>
          <subscript>Na,Ca</subscript>), and a constant Cl<superscript>-</superscript> efflux through a leakage pathway (<emphasis>I</emphasis>
          <subscript>b,Cl</subscript>) (see the figure below).
</para>

<para>
After comparing the results simulated by the model with experimental data, James Kneller, Rafael J. Ramirez, Denis Chartier, Marc Courtemanche and Stanley Nattel conclude that model action potential duration and ionic transients stabilise with appropriate stimulus current assignment.  They also found that their model agrees qualitatively with experimental observations, but quantitative discrepancies highlight limitations of model simulations.
</para>

<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
<ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/282/4/H1437">Time-dependent transients in an ionically based mathematical model of the canine atrial action potential</ulink> James Kneller, Rafael J. Ramirez, Denis Chartier, Marc Courtemanche and Stanley Nattel, 2002, <ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/">
            <emphasis>American Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
          </ulink>, 282, H1437-H1451.  (<ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/282/4/H1437">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/282/4/H1437.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the AJP website.)  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=11893581&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11893581</ulink> 
</para>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>schematic diagram of a canine atrial myocyte</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="kneller_2002.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic representation of the canine atrial myocyte.  Intracellular compartments (outlined in dashed lines) indicate the intracellular pools of ion species.  The ion concentration in each pool is affected by ionic currents, pumps and exchangers.  Black rectangular boxes represent sarcolemmal ion currents, black circles represent the pumps and exchangers.  The sarcoplasmic reticulum is divided into two compartments: the Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-release compartment, or junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR) and the Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-uptake compartment, or network sarcoplasmic reticulum (NSR).</caption>
</informalfigure>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
  
  
  <!--
    Below, we define some additional units for association with variables and
    constants within the model. The identifiers are fairly self-explanatory.
  -->
  
  <units name="millisecond">
    <unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="per_millisecond">
    <unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="millivolt">
    <unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="per_millivolt">
    <unit units="millivolt" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="per_millivolt_millisecond">
    <unit units="millivolt" exponent="-1"/>
    <unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="millimolar">
    <unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
    <unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="millimolar_per_millisecond">
    <unit units="millimolar"/>
    <unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="picoA">
    <unit units="ampere" prefix="pico"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="nanoS_per_picoF">
    <unit units="siemens" prefix="nano"/>
    <unit units="farad" prefix="pico" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="picoF">
    <unit units="farad" prefix="pico"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="micrometre_3">
    <unit units="metre" prefix="micro" exponent="3"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="joule_per_mole_kelvin">
    <unit units="joule"/>
    <unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
    <unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="coulomb_per_millimole">
    <unit units="coulomb"/>
    <unit units="mole" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <!--
    The "environment" component is used to declare variables that are used by
    all or most of the other components, in this case just "time".
  -->
  <component name="environment">
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
  </component>
  
  <component name="membrane">
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V" initial_value="-82.72"/>
    <variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8.3143"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="310.0"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96.4867"/>
    
    <variable units="picoF" name="Cm" initial_value="100.0"/>
    <variable units="picoA" name="i_stim" initial_value="-2900.0"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kur_d"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Cl_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Cl"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> V </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_Na </ci>
              <ci> i_K1 </ci>
              <ci> i_to </ci>
              <ci> i_Kur_d </ci>
              <ci> i_Kr </ci>
              <ci> i_Ks </ci>
              <ci> i_Ca </ci>
              <ci> i_Cl_Ca </ci>
              <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
              <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
              <ci> i_NaK </ci>
              <ci> i_B_Na </ci>
              <ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
              <ci> i_B_Cl </ci>
              <ci> i_stim </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <ci> Cm </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na"/>
    
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Na" initial_value="7.8"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
    <variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
   
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="j"/>
  
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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        <eq/>
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          <times/>
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          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> m </ci>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <ci> h </ci>
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            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Na </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
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        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Na </ci>
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          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
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          </apply>
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            <ln/>                
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Na_o </ci>
              <ci> Na_i </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="0.002256"/>
        
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_m"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_m"/>

    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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          <apply>
            <divide/>
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              <plus/>
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              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
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                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="beta_m_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_m </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.08 </cn>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -11.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="dm_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> m </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_m </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> m </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_m </ci>
            <ci> m </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>  
      
  <component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="0.9750"/>
        
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_h"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_h"/>

    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="alpha_h_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_h </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.135 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.8 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci> 
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            </apply>
          </piece>
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            <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
      
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        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_h </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 3.56 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 0.079 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 310000.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.35 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
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                </apply>
              </apply>
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            <apply>
              <lt/>
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            </apply>
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              <apply>
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                <apply>
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                  <apply>
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                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.66 </cn>
                      </apply>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -11.1 </cn>
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      </apply>
      
      <apply id="dh_dt">
        <eq/>
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          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
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          <ci> h </ci>
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            <ci> h </ci>
          </apply>
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    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current_j_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="j" initial_value="0.9843"/>
        
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_j"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_j"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_j </ci>
        <piecewise>
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            <apply>
              <times/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
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                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> -127140.0
</cn>
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                        <times/> 
                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.2444 </cn>
                        <ci> V </ci>
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                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.00003474 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <exp/>
                      <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.04391 </cn>
                        <ci> V </ci>
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                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.311 </cn>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 79.23 </cn>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> V </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 37.78 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
       
      <apply id="beta_j_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_j </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.1212 </cn>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.01052 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1378 </cn>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>       
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 40.14 </cn>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
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              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
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              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.3 </cn>
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                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.0000002535 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>                                                
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                  <plus/>
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                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1 </cn>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 32.0 </cn>
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                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>                                                            
          </otherwise> 
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      <apply id="dj_dt">
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            <ci> time </ci>
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          <ci> j </ci>
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              <minus/>
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              <ci> j </ci>
            </apply>
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          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_j </ci>
            <ci> j </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
    
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.15"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
    <variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
  
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> g_K1 </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <ci> E_K </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.07 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="E_K_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_K </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>                
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> K_o </ci>
              <ci> K_i </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="transient_outward_K_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_to"/>
     
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_to" initial_value="0.19824"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
              
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="oa"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="oi"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_to_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_to </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_to </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> oa </ci>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <ci> oi </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="oa" initial_value="0.07351"/>
    
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_oa"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_oa"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_oa"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="oa_infinity"/>  
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="oa_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> oa </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> oa_infinity </ci>
            <ci> oa </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_oa </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="alpha_oa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_oa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.65 </cn>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 18.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -8.5 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 16.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -59.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="beta_oa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_oa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.2 </cn>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.2 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 75.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 18.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_oa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_oa </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> alpha_oa </ci>
            <ci> beta_oa </ci>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="oa_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> oa_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 0.5 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -10.5 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
    
  <component name="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="oi" initial_value="0.9978"/>
    
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_oi"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_oi"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_oi"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="oi_infinity"/>  
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="oi_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> oi </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> oi_infinity </ci>
            <ci> oi </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_oi </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="alpha_oi_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_oi </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 6.2 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 105.2 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 9.85 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
  
      <apply id="beta_oi_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_oi </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 7.54 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 8.89 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -12.87 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_oi_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_oi </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> alpha_oi </ci>
            <ci> beta_oi </ci>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="oi_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> oi_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 43.377 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.45 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kur_d"/>
    
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Kur_d"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
   
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="ua"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="ui"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_Kur_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Kur_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Kur_d </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> ua </ci>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <ci> ui </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="g_Kur_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> g_Kur_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <cn cellml:units="nanoS_per_picoF"> 0.00855 </cn> 
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="nanoS_per_picoF"> 0.0779 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/> 
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -16.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>    
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="ua" initial_value="0.06039"/>
    
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_ua"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_ua"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_ua"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="ua_infinity"/>  
   
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="ua_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> ua </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> ua_infinity </ci>
            <ci> ua </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_ua </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="alpha_ua_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_ua </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.47 </cn>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.2 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -30.63 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 27.6 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -30.65 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="beta_ua_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_ua </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.42 </cn>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
               <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 26.64 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 2.49 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 44.41 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.36 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
      
      <apply id="tau_ua_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_ua </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> alpha_ua </ci>
            <ci> beta_ua </ci>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="ua_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> ua_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 2.81 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -9.49 </cn>
              </apply> 
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="ui" initial_value="0.9987"/>
    
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_ui"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_ui"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_ui"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="ui_infinity"/>  
   
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="ui_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> ui </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> ui_infinity </ci>
            <ci> ui </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_ui </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="alpha_ui_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_ui </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 21.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 185.0 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -28.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
     
      <apply id="beta_ui_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_ui </ci>
        <apply>
          <exp/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 158.0 </cn>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 16.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    
      <apply id="tau_ui_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_ui </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> alpha_ui </ci>
            <ci> beta_ui </ci>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="ui_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> ui_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 99.45 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 27.48 </cn>
              </apply> 
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kr"/>
   
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Kr" initial_value="0.06984"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="xr"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_Kr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Kr </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Kr </ci>
          <ci> xr </ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.07 </cn>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.58 </cn>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 15.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 22.4 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="xr" initial_value="8.647E-7"/>
    
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_xr"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_xr"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_xr"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="xr_infinity"/>  
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="xr_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> xr </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> xr_infinity </ci>
            <ci> xr </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_xr </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="alpha_xr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_xr </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.04 </cn>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 248.0 </cn>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 248.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -28.0 </cn>
                </apply> 
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>    
        </apply>
      </apply>
     
      <apply id="beta_xr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_xr </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.028 </cn>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 163.0 </cn>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 163.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 21.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>    
        </apply>
      </apply>
    
      <apply id="tau_xr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_xr </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> alpha_xr </ci>
            <ci> beta_xr </ci>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="xr_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> xr_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.654 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.377 </cn>
              </apply> 
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ks"/>
   
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Ks" initial_value="0.0561"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="xs"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_Ks_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Ks </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Ks </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> xs </ci>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="xs" initial_value="0.01853"/>
    
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_xs"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_xs"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_xs"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="xs_infinity"/>  
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="xs_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> xs </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> xs_infinity </ci>
            <ci> xs </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_xs </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="alpha_xs_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_xs </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.00001 </cn>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.5 </cn>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.5 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -115.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>    
        </apply>
      </apply>
     
      <apply id="beta_xs_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_xs </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.00023 </cn>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.5 </cn>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.5 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 3.3 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>    
        </apply>
      </apply>
    
      <apply id="tau_xs_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_xs </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> alpha_xs </ci>
            <ci> beta_xs </ci>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="xs_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> xs_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 13.0 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -12.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.5 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="sarcolemmal_Ca_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca"/>
    
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Ca" initial_value="0.24"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_i"/>
   
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_Ca"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Ca </ci>
          <ci> d </ci>
          <ci> f </ci>
          <ci> f_Ca </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 65.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_d_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="5.448E-6"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_d"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="d_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> d </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> d_infinity </ci>
            <ci> d </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_d </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="d_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> d_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.24 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.035 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.24 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>    
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
    
  <component name="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f" initial_value="0.9999"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_f"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="f_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> f </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> f_infinity </ci>
            <ci> f </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_f </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="f_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 24.6 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.2 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_f_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_f </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 400.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn> 
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.5 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.0007 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <power/>
                      <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 9.0 </cn>
                      </apply>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_Ca_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_Ca" initial_value="0.6535"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Ca_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_f_Ca" initial_value="2.0"/>
    
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="f_Ca_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> f_Ca </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> f_Ca_infinity </ci>
            <ci> f_Ca </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_f_Ca </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="f_Ca_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_Ca_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.29 </cn>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.8 </cn>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <minus/>
                      <ci> Ca_i </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.00012 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.00006 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_activated_Cl_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Cl_Ca"/>
    
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Cl_Ca" initial_value="0.3"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Cl"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Fn"/>
    <variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cl_i"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cl_o"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="q_Ca"/>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_Cl_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Cl_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Cl_Ca </ci>
          <ci> q_Ca </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Cl </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="E_Cl_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Cl </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>                
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Cl_o </ci>
              <ci> Cl_i </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_activated_Cl_current_q_Ca_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="q_Ca" initial_value="0.0"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="q_Ca_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_q_Ca" initial_value="2.0"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="Fn"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="q_Ca_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> q_Ca_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci> Fn </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.00000000011 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_Cl_cotransporter">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="CT_NaCl"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="n" initial_value="4.0"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="delta_CT_n" initial_value="87.8251"/>
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_CT" initial_value="0.115"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Cl"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
  
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="CT_NaCl_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> CT_NaCl </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_CT </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> delta_CT_n </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <ci> E_Na </ci>
                <ci> E_Cl </ci>
              </apply>
              <ci> delta_CT_n </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>  
  
  <component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
        
    <variable units="millimolar" name="Km_Na_i" initial_value="10.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="Km_K_o" initial_value="1.5"/>
    <variable units="picoA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.6"/>  
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_NaK"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
     
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>  
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_NaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_NaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/> 
          <ci> i_NaK_max </ci>
          <ci> f_NaK </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci> Km_Na_i </ci>
                  <ci> Na_i </ci>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.5 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> K_o </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> K_o </ci>
              <ci> Km_K_o </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="f_NaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_NaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1245 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0365 </cn>
              <ci> sigma </ci>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="sigma_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> sigma </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 7.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> Na_o </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 67.3 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>                 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_Ca_exchanger_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
    
    <variable units="picoA" name="I_NaCa_max" initial_value="1600.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="87.5"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCa" initial_value="1.38"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="K_sat" initial_value="0.1"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="Na_Ca_exchanger">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> I_NaCa_max </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.35 </cn>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci> Na_i </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
                </apply>
                <ci> Ca_o </ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.65 </cn>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci> Na_o </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
                </apply>
                <ci> Ca_i </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <apply>
              <plus/> 
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> K_mNa </ci>    
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> Na_o </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> K_mCa </ci>
              <ci> Ca_o </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> K_sat </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.65 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="background_currents">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Cl"/>
    
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.000674"/>
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_Ca" initial_value="0.00113"/>
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0.0"/>
    <variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_Cl" initial_value="0.0018"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Cl"/>
    <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
    <variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_B_Na_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_B_Na </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_B_Na </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Na </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_B_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_B_Ca </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Ca </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_B_K_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_B_K </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_B_K </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_B_Cl_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_B_Cl </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_B_Cl </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Cl </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="E_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>                
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ca_o </ci>
              <ci> Ca_i </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_pump_current">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_p_Ca"/>
    
    <variable units="picoA" name="i_p_Ca_max" initial_value="0.275"/>
     
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
    <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_p_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> i_p_Ca_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Ca_i </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.0005 </cn>
              <ci> Ca_i </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_rel"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="out" name="Fn"/>
    
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="K_rel" initial_value="30.0"/>
    <variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_rel" initial_value="96.48"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="u"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="v"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="w"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">      
      <apply id="i_rel_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_rel </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> K_rel </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> u </ci>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <ci> v </ci>
          <ci> w </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> Ca_rel </ci>
            <ci> Ca_i </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="Fn_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Fn </ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1E-12 </cn>
            <ci> V_rel </ci>
            <ci> i_rel </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 5E-13 </cn>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <ci> i_Ca </ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 5.0 </cn>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="u" initial_value="0.0"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_u"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="u_infinity"/>         
   
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="Fn"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="u_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> u </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> u_infinity </ci>
            <ci> u </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_u </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_u_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_u </ci>
        <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 8.0 </cn>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="u_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> u_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <power/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> Fn </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.4175E-13 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -13.67E-16 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="v" initial_value="1.0"/>
   
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_v"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="v_infinity"/>         
   
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="Fn"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="v_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> v </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> v_infinity </ci>
            <ci> v </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_v </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_v_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_v </ci>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 1.91 </cn>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 2.09 </cn>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <minus/>
                      <ci> Fn </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.4175E-13 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -13.67E-16 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="v_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> v_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> Fn </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 6.835E-14 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -13.67E-16 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="w" initial_value="0.9993"/>
   
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_w"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="w_infinity"/>         
   
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="w_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> w </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> w_infinity </ci>
            <ci> w </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_w </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_w_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_w </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 6.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 6.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.9 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.3 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <minus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.9 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.9 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="w_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> w_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 40.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -17.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_tr"/>
   
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_tr" initial_value="180.0"/> 
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_tr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_tr </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> Ca_up </ci>
            <ci> Ca_rel </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_tr </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="I_up_max" initial_value="0.005"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_up"/>
   
    <variable units="millimolar" name="K_up" initial_value="0.00092"/> 
     
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_up_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_up </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> I_up_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> K_up </ci>
              <ci> Ca_i </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR">
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_up_leak"/>
    
    <variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_up_max" initial_value="15.0"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="I_up_max"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_up_leak_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_up_leak </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_up_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Ca_up </ci>
            <ci> Ca_up_max </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_buffers">
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CMDN_max" initial_value="0.045"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="TRPN_max" initial_value="0.35"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CSQN_max" initial_value="10.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_Ca_CMDN"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_Ca_TRPN"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_Ca_CSQN"/>
    
    <variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_CMDN" initial_value="2.347E-3"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_TRPN" initial_value="8.933E-3"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_CSQN" initial_value="6.916"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="Ca_CMDN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Ca_CMDN </ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 200.0 </cn>
            <ci> Ca_i </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> Ca_CMDN </ci>
                <ci> CMDN_max </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.476 </cn>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ca_CMDN </ci>
              <ci> CMDN_max </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="J_Ca_CMDN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> J_Ca_CMDN </ci>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_CMDN </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
      
      <apply id="Ca_TRPN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Ca_TRPN </ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 78.4 </cn>
            <ci> Ca_i </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> Ca_TRPN </ci>
                <ci> TRPN_max </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.392 </cn>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ca_TRPN </ci>
              <ci> TRPN_max </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="J_Ca_TRPN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> J_Ca_TRPN </ci>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_TRPN </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
      
      <apply id="Ca_CSQN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Ca_CSQN </ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.48 </cn>
            <ci> Ca_rel </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> Ca_CSQN </ci>
                <ci> CSQN_max </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.4 </cn>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ca_CSQN </ci>
              <ci> CSQN_max </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="J_Ca_CSQN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> J_Ca_CSQN </ci>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_CSQN </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="13.86"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="1.310E-4"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cl_i" initial_value="29.95"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="136.9"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_rel" initial_value="1.869"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_up" initial_value="1.869"/>
    
    <variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_i" initial_value="13668.0"/>
    <variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_rel" initial_value="96.48"/>
    <variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_up" initial_value="1109.52"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kur_d"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Cl_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_K"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_up"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_up_leak"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_tr"/>
    <variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_rel"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CMDN_max"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CSQN_max"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="TRPN_max"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_Ca_CMDN"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_Ca_CSQN"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_Ca_TRPN"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="Na_i_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Na_i </ci>
        </apply> 
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -3.0 </cn>
              <ci> i_NaK </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
                <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
              </apply>
              <ci> i_B_Na </ci>
              <ci> i_Na </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> V_i </ci>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="K_i_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> K_i </ci>
        </apply> 
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              <ci> i_NaK </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_K1 </ci>
              <ci> i_to </ci>
              <ci> i_Kur_d </ci>
              <ci> i_Kr </ci>
              <ci> i_Ks </ci>
              <ci> i_B_K </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> V_i </ci>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="Cl_i_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Cl_i </ci>
        </apply> 
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> i_Cl_Ca </ci>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> V_i </ci>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="Ca_i_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_i </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                  <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
                  <ci> i_Ca </ci>
                  <ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                <ci> V_i </ci>
                <ci> F </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> V_up </ci>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> i_up_leak </ci>
                    <ci> i_up </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> i_rel </ci>
                  <ci> V_rel </ci>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <ci> V_i </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> TRPN_max </ci>
              <ci> J_Ca_TRPN </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> CMDN_max </ci>
              <ci> J_Ca_CMDN </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="Ca_up_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_up </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <ci> i_up </ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> i_up_leak </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> i_tr </ci>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> V_rel </ci>
                <ci> V_up </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
      
      <apply id="Ca_rel_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_rel </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <ci> i_tr </ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> i_rel </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 31.0 </cn>
              <ci> J_Ca_CSQN </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply> 
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.8"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cl_o" initial_value="132.0"/>
  </component>
  
  <group>
    <relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
    <component_ref component="membrane">
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
        <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current">
        <component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
        <component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
        <component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
        <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current">
        <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_d_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_Ca_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="Ca_activated_Cl_current">
        <component_ref component="Ca_activated_Cl_current_q_Ca_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="Na_Cl_cotransporter"/>
      <component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <component_ref component="background_currents"/>
      <component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
      <component_ref component="Ca_pump_current"/>
      <component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
        <component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR"/>
      <component_ref component="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR"/>
      <component_ref component="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
      <component_ref component="Ca_buffers"/>
      <component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
      <component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
    </component_ref>
  </group>
  
  <group>
    <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
    <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current">
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
      <component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
      <component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
      <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current">
      <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_d_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_Ca_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="Ca_activated_Cl_current">
      <component_ref component="Ca_activated_Cl_current_q_Ca_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
      <component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
  </group>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Cl_cotransporter"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="background_currents"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_pump_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>   
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_buffers"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Kur_d" variable_1="i_Kur_d"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_Ca_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_activated_Cl_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Cl_Ca" variable_1="i_Cl_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_B_Cl" variable_1="i_B_Cl"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
   <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_Cl_cotransporter" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_Cl_cotransporter" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_Cl" variable_1="E_Cl"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_Cl" variable_1="E_Cl"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Kur_d" variable_1="i_Kur_d"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>   
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cl_i" variable_1="Cl_i"/>   
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Cl_Ca" variable_1="i_Cl_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cl_o" variable_1="Cl_o"/>   
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Fn" variable_1="Fn"/>   
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_B_K" variable_1="i_B_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_pump_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_rel" variable_1="i_rel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_tr" variable_1="i_tr"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_up" variable_1="i_up"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="I_up_max" variable_1="I_up_max"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_up_leak" variable_1="i_up_leak"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_buffers"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="CMDN_max" variable_1="CMDN_max"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="CSQN_max" variable_1="CSQN_max"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="TRPN_max" variable_1="TRPN_max"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="J_Ca_CMDN" variable_1="J_Ca_CMDN"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="J_Ca_CSQN" variable_1="J_Ca_CSQN"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="J_Ca_TRPN" variable_1="J_Ca_TRPN"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_d_gate" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="d" variable_1="d"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_gate" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="f" variable_1="f"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_Ca_gate" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="f_Ca" variable_1="f_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_activated_Cl_current_q_Ca_gate" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="q_Ca" variable_1="q_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Fn" variable_1="Fn"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="oa" variable_1="oa"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="oi" variable_1="oi"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="ua" variable_1="ua"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="ui" variable_1="ui"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="xr" variable_1="xr"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="xs" variable_1="xs"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="u" variable_1="u"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Fn" variable_1="Fn"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="v" variable_1="v"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Fn" variable_1="Fn"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="w" variable_1="w"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>  
    

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    <rdf:li>Atrial Myocyte</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>cardiac</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
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  <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#05b41505-d68f-4f6d-9308-9e596d0259e7">
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#c5807359-f9de-4069-96c1-12d5faf96091"/>
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    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#90e4c589-90a9-4cc7-89eb-7033015b7f71"/>
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    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#ac463de3-2c94-4a04-b4be-9936c17fbbc3"/>
    <rdf:value>
          Corrected equations: alpha_ui_calculation in ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate, tau_xs_calculation in slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate component.
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    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ac463de3-2c94-4a04-b4be-9936c17fbbc3">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-07-18</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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    <vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
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    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#29272fe6-7218-46ab-bd0d-9de8f95eda52"/>
    <rdf:value>
          Corrected equations: beta_j_calculation in fast_sodium_current_j_gate,           oa_infinity_calculation in transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate, 
          ua_infinity_calculation in 
          ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate, E_Ca_calculation in 
          background_currents, Fn_calculation in Ca_release_current_from_JSR, 
          and v_infinity_calculation in Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate.
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    <vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
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    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#3141bba7-e501-4ea0-843c-1ebc29ace13f"/>
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          This is the CellML description of Kneller et al's mathematical model 
          of the canine atrial action potential.  It is based on the earlier 
          Ramirez et al 2000 model.
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  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#82a0fee9-9040-40f7-a3df-ea4499be525d">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#90e4c589-90a9-4cc7-89eb-7033015b7f71">
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    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-06-25</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b7d13433-2444-4f76-98cd-f2eeb87b660e">
    <vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Kneller</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#aa61a316-3569-4d51-9705-40f7da211e49">
    <bqs:Pubmed_id>12062346</bqs:Pubmed_id>
    <bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#f02128d2-6ac8-4c42-b35b-54ddc32753d0"/>
  </rdf:Description>
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    <dc:subject rdf:resource="rdf:#c60c8bae-ffb6-4d4d-a44f-290fe414da15"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="#kneller_ramirez_chartier_courtemanche_nattel_2002_version01">
    <dc:title>
        Kneller et al's 2002 Mathematical Model of Canine Atrial Action 
        Potentials.
      </dc:title>
    <cmeta:bio_entity>Atrial Myocyte</cmeta:bio_entity>
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#e24c789e-6c14-418f-b721-09f38597c4da"/>
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    <bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#aa61a316-3569-4d51-9705-40f7da211e49"/>
    <cmeta:species>Canine</cmeta:species>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#29272fe6-7218-46ab-bd0d-9de8f95eda52">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-06-04</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
    <dc:publisher>
        The University of Auckland, The Bioengineering Institute
      </dc:publisher>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#5ab822b1-7638-402d-bc93-8b5b05d8c6b4"/>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#b82e0a7e-2fc1-4a1c-93b5-05c87b330078"/>
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    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
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    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c8dda2a2-2922-46c7-8012-f1df33a9dee0">
    <vCard:Given>Rafael</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Ramirez</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b8c530e2-1e3b-4085-9b9c-da075964db63">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-05</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c60c8bae-ffb6-4d4d-a44f-290fe414da15">
    <bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
    <rdf:value rdf:resource="rdf:#5866d159-8ff7-4915-902b-cd5a74f8288c"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b53ce51d-d766-4003-a3f4-8671881670cd">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#c88ed628-ee4b-40ef-af5b-421f7c576e49"/>
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    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#82a0fee9-9040-40f7-a3df-ea4499be525d"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2c850176-7eb6-4f37-8f3f-f313ea0c3e05">
    <vCard:Given>Stanley</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Nattel</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e005e59e-ed40-4a30-90f3-1ef769666207">
    <vCard:Given>Denis</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Chartier</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3e39a957-3dd6-4f11-b228-8b96cf6dbe57">
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            Time-dependent transients in an ionically based mathematical model               of the canine atrial action potential
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