Model Mathematics

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Component: environment

Component: membrane

I_st = \{\begin{matrix} stim_amplitude if time \geq stim_start \land time ≦ stim_end \land time - stim_start - (⌊ \frac{time - stim_start}{stim_period} ⌋ stim_period) ≦ stim_duration \\ 0 otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (V) = dVdt dVdt = - (i_Na + i_Ca_L + i_Ca_T + i_Kr + i_Ks + i_K_ATP + i_to + i_K1 + i_Kp + i_p_Ca + i_Na_b + i_Ca_b + i_NaK + i_NaCa + i_ns_Ca + I_st)

Component: fast_sodium_current

E_Na = \frac{R T}{F} \ln (\frac{Nao}{Nai}) i_Na = g_Na m^{3} h j (V - E_Na)

Component: fast_sodium_current_m_gate

E0_m = V + 47.13 alpha_m = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{0.32 E0_m}{1 - (ⅇ^{(- 0.1) E0_m})} if | E0_m | \geq delta_m \\ 3.2 otherwise \end{matrix} beta_m = 0.08 ⅇ^{\frac{- V}{11}} \frac{d}{d time} (m) = alpha_m (1 - m) - (beta_m m)

Component: fast_sodium_current_h_gate

alpha_h = \{\begin{matrix} 0.135 ⅇ^{\frac{80 + V}{- 6.8}} if V < - 40 \\ 0 otherwise \end{matrix} beta_h = \{\begin{matrix} 3.56 ⅇ^{0.079 V} + 310000 ⅇ^{0.35 V} if V < - 40 \\ \frac{1}{0.13 (1 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 10.66}{- 11.1}})} otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (h) = alpha_h (1 - h) - (beta_h h)

Component: fast_sodium_current_j_gate

alpha_j = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{(- (127140 ⅇ^{0.2444 V} + 3.474 e -5 ⅇ^{(- 0.04391) V})) (V + 37.78)}{1 + ⅇ^{0.311 (V + 79.23)}} if V < - 40 \\ 0 otherwise \end{matrix} beta_j = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{0.1212 ⅇ^{(- 0.01052) V}}{1 + ⅇ^{(- 0.1378) (V + 40.14)}} if V < - 40 \\ \frac{0.3 ⅇ^{(- 2.535 e -7) V}}{1 + ⅇ^{(- 0.1) (V + 32)}} otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (j) = alpha_j (1 - j) - (beta_j j)

Component: L_type_Ca_channel

I_CaCa = \frac{\frac{P_Ca 2^{2} V F^{2}}{R T} (gamma_Cai Cai ⅇ^{\frac{2 V F}{R T}} - (gamma_Cao Cao))}{ⅇ^{\frac{2 V F}{R T}} - 1} I_CaNa = \frac{\frac{P_Na 1^{2} V F^{2}}{R T} (gamma_Nai Nai ⅇ^{\frac{1 V F}{R T}} - (gamma_Nao Nao))}{ⅇ^{\frac{1 V F}{R T}} - 1} I_CaK = \frac{\frac{P_K 1^{2} V F^{2}}{R T} (gamma_Ki Ki ⅇ^{\frac{1 V F}{R T}} - (gamma_Ko Ko))}{ⅇ^{\frac{1 V F}{R T}} - 1} i_CaCa = d f f_Ca I_CaCa i_CaNa = d f f_Ca I_CaNa i_CaK = d f f_Ca I_CaK i_Ca_L = i_CaCa + i_CaK + i_CaNa

Component: L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate

E0_d = V + 10 d_infinity = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{- E0_d}{6.24}}} tau_d = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{0.035 6.24} if | E0_d | < 1 e -5 \\ \frac{d_infinity (1 - (ⅇ^{\frac{- E0_d}{6.24}}))}{0.035 E0_d} otherwise \end{matrix} alpha_d = \frac{d_infinity}{tau_d} beta_d = \frac{1 - d_infinity}{tau_d} \frac{d}{d time} (d) = alpha_d (1 - d) - (beta_d d)

Component: L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate

f_infinity = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 32}{8}}} + \frac{0.6}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{50 - V}{20}}} tau_f = \frac{1}{0.0197 ⅇ^{- ({(0.0337 (V + 10))}^{2})} + 0.02} alpha_f = \frac{f_infinity}{tau_f} beta_f = \frac{1 - f_infinity}{tau_f} \frac{d}{d time} (f) = alpha_f (1 - f) - (beta_f f)

Component: L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate

f_Ca = \frac{1}{1 + \frac{Cai}{Km_Ca}}

Component: T_type_Ca_channel

i_Ca_T = g_CaT b b g (V - E_Ca)

Component: T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate

b_inf = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 14)}{10.8}}} tau_b = 3.7 + \frac{6.1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 25}{4.5}}} \frac{d}{d time} (b) = \frac{b_inf - b}{tau_b}

Component: T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate

g_inf = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 60}{5.6}}} tau_g = \{\begin{matrix} (- 0.875) V + 12 if V ≦ 0 \\ 12 otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (g) = \frac{g_inf - g}{tau_g}

Component: rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current

g_Kr = 0.02614 \sqrt{\frac{Ko}{5.4}} Rect = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 9}{22.4}}} i_Kr = g_Kr xr Rect (V - E_K)

Component: rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate

xr_infinity = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 21.5)}{7.5}}} tau_xr = \frac{1}{\frac{0.00138 (V + 14.2)}{1 - (ⅇ^{(- 0.123) (V + 14.2)})} + \frac{0.00061 (V + 38.9)}{ⅇ^{0.145 (V + 38.9)} - 1}} \frac{d}{d time} (xr) = \frac{xr_infinity - xr}{tau_xr}

Component: slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current

E_Ks = \frac{R T}{F} \ln (\frac{Ko + PNaK Nao}{Ki + PNaK Nai}) g_Ks = 0.433 (1 + \frac{0.6}{1 + {(\frac{3.8 e -5}{Cai})}^{1.4}}) i_Ks = g_Ks xs1 xs2 (V - E_Ks)

Component: slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate

xs1_infinity = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V - 1.5)}{16.7}}} tau_xs1 = \frac{1}{\frac{7.19 e -5 (V + 30)}{1 - (ⅇ^{(- 0.148) (V + 30)})} + \frac{0.000131 (V + 30)}{ⅇ^{0.0687 (V + 30)} - 1}} \frac{d}{d time} (xs1) = \frac{xs1_infinity - xs1}{tau_xs1}

Component: slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate

xs2_infinity = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V - 1.5)}{16.7}}} tau_xs2 = \frac{4}{\frac{7.19 e -5 (V + 30)}{1 - (ⅇ^{(- 0.148) (V + 30)})} + \frac{0.000131 (V + 30)}{ⅇ^{0.0687 (V + 30)} - 1}} \frac{d}{d time} (xs2) = \frac{xs2_infinity - xs2}{tau_xs2}

Component: time_independent_potassium_current

g_K1 = 0.75 \sqrt{\frac{Ko}{5.4}} E_K = \frac{R T}{F} \ln (\frac{Ko}{Ki}) i_K1 = g_K1 K1_infinity (V - E_K)

Component: time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate

alpha_K1 = \frac{1.02}{1 + ⅇ^{0.2385 (V - E_K - 59.215)}} beta_K1 = \frac{1 (0.49124 ⅇ^{0.08032 ((V - E_K) + 5.476)} + ⅇ^{0.06175 (V - E_K - 594.31)})}{1 + ⅇ^{(- 0.5143) ((V - E_K) + 4.753)}} K1_infinity = \frac{alpha_K1}{alpha_K1 + beta_K1}

Component: plateau_potassium_current

Kp = \frac{1}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{7.488 - V}{5.98}}} i_Kp = g_Kp Kp (V - E_K)

Component: ATP_sensitive_potassium_current

g_K_ATP = \frac{0.000193}{nicholsarea} pATP = \frac{1}{1 + {(\frac{ATPi}{kATP})}^{hATP}} GKbaraATP = g_K_ATP pATP {(\frac{Ko}{4})}^{nATP} i_K_ATP = GKbaraATP (V - E_K)

Component: transient_outward_current

g_to = 0 0.5 rvdv = ⅇ^{\frac{V}{100}} i_to = g_to {zdv}^{3} ydv rvdv (V - E_K)

Component: transient_outward_current_zdv_gate

alpha_zdv = \frac{10 ⅇ^{\frac{V - 40}{25}}}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{V - 40}{25}}} beta_zdv = \frac{10 ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 90)}{25}}}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{- (V + 90)}{25}}} tau_zdv = \frac{1}{alpha_zdv + beta_zdv} zdv_ss = \frac{alpha_zdv}{alpha_zdv + beta_zdv} \frac{d}{d time} (zdv) = \frac{zdv_ss - zdv}{tau_zdv}

Component: transient_outward_current_ydv_gate

alpha_ydv = \frac{0.015}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 60}{5}}} beta_ydv = \frac{0.1 ⅇ^{\frac{V + 25}{5}}}{1 + ⅇ^{\frac{V + 25}{5}}} tau_ydv = \frac{1}{alpha_ydv + beta_ydv} ydv_ss = \frac{alpha_ydv}{alpha_ydv + beta_ydv} \frac{d}{d time} (ydv) = \frac{ydv_ss - ydv}{tau_ydv}

Component: sarcolemmal_calcium_pump

i_p_Ca = \frac{I_pCa Cai}{K_mpCa + Cai}

Component: sodium_background_current

i_Na_b = g_Nab (V - E_Na)

Component: calcium_background_current

E_Ca = \frac{R T}{2 F} \ln (\frac{Cao}{Cai}) i_Ca_b = g_Cab (V - E_Ca)

Component: sodium_potassium_pump

sigma = \frac{1}{7} (ⅇ^{\frac{Nao}{67.3}} - 1) f_NaK = \frac{1}{1 + 0.1245 ⅇ^{\frac{(- 0.1) V F}{R T}} + 0.0365 sigma ⅇ^{\frac{(- V) F}{R T}}} i_NaK = \frac{\frac{I_NaK f_NaK 1}{1 + {(\frac{K_mNai}{Nai})}^{2}} Ko}{Ko + K_mKo}

Component: non_specific_calcium_activated_current

P_ns_Ca = 0 1.75 e -7 I_ns_Na = \frac{\frac{P_ns_Ca 1^{2} V F^{2}}{R T} (gamma_Nai Nai ⅇ^{\frac{1 V F}{R T}} - (gamma_Nao Nao))}{ⅇ^{\frac{1 V F}{R T}} - 1} I_ns_K = \frac{\frac{P_ns_Ca 1^{2} V F^{2}}{R T} (gamma_Ki Ki ⅇ^{\frac{1 V F}{R T}} - (gamma_Ko Ko))}{ⅇ^{\frac{1 V F}{R T}} - 1} i_ns_Na = \frac{I_ns_Na 1}{1 + {(\frac{K_m_ns_Ca}{Cai})}^{3}} i_ns_K = \frac{I_ns_K 1}{1 + {(\frac{K_m_ns_Ca}{Cai})}^{3}} i_ns_Ca = i_ns_Na + i_ns_K

Component: Na_Ca_exchanger

i_NaCa = \frac{K_NaCa (ⅇ^{\frac{gamma (n_NaCa - 2) V F}{R T}} {Nai}^{n_NaCa} Cao - (ⅇ^{\frac{(gamma - 1) (n_NaCa - 2) V F}{R T}} {Nao}^{n_NaCa} Cai))}{(1 + d_NaCa (Cai {Nao}^{n_NaCa} + Cao {Nai}^{n_NaCa})) (1 + \frac{Cai}{0.0069})}

Component: calcium_dynamics

V_JSR = \frac{0.0048}{0.68} V_myo V_NSR = \frac{0.0552}{0.68} V_myo \frac{d}{d time} (APtrack) = \{\begin{matrix} 100 (1 - APtrack) - (0.5 APtrack) if dVdt > 150 \\ (- 0.5) APtrack otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (APtrack2) = \{\begin{matrix} 100 (1 - APtrack2) - (0.5 APtrack2) if APtrack < 0.2 \land APtrack > 0.18 \\ (- 0.5) APtrack2 otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (APtrack3) = \{\begin{matrix} 100 (1 - APtrack3) - (0.5 APtrack3) if APtrack < 0.2 \land APtrack > 0.18 \\ (- 0.01) APtrack3 otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (Cainfluxtrack) = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{(- 1) A_cap ((i_CaCa + i_Ca_T - i_NaCa) + i_p_Ca + i_Ca_b)}{2 V_myo F} if APtrack > 0.2 \\ 0 if APtrack2 > 0.01 \land APtrack ≦ 0.2 \\ (- 0.5) Cainfluxtrack otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (OVRLDtrack) = \{\begin{matrix} 50 (1 - OVRLDtrack) if \frac{1}{1 + \frac{K_mCSQN}{Ca_JSR}} > CSQNthresh \land OVRLDtrack3 < 0.37 \land APtrack3 < 0.37 \\ (- 0.5) OVRLDtrack otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (OVRLDtrack2) = \{\begin{matrix} 50 (1 - OVRLDtrack2) if OVRLDtrack > Logicthresh \land OVRLDtrack2 < Logicthresh \\ (- 0.5) OVRLDtrack2 otherwise \end{matrix} \frac{d}{d time} (OVRLDtrack3) = \{\begin{matrix} 50 (1 - OVRLDtrack3) if OVRLDtrack > Logicthresh \land OVRLDtrack3 < Logicthresh \\ (- 0.01) OVRLDtrack3 otherwise \end{matrix} G_rel = \{\begin{matrix} \frac{G_rel_max (Cainfluxtrack - delta_Ca_ith)}{K_mrel + Cainfluxtrack - delta_Ca_ith} (1 - APtrack2) APtrack2 if Cainfluxtrack > delta_Ca_ith \\ G_rel_overload (1 - OVRLDtrack2) OVRLDtrack2 if Cainfluxtrack ≦ delta_Ca_ith \land OVRLDtrack2 > 0 \\ 0 otherwise \end{matrix} i_rel = G_rel (Ca_JSR - Cai) i_up = \frac{I_up Cai}{Cai + K_mup} K_leak = \frac{I_up}{Ca_NSR_max} i_leak = K_leak Ca_NSR i_tr = \frac{Ca_NSR - Ca_JSR}{tau_tr} \frac{d}{d time} (Ca_JSR) = \frac{0.001}{1 + \frac{CSQN_max K_mCSQN}{{(K_mCSQN + Ca_JSR)}^{2}}} (i_tr - i_rel) \frac{d}{d time} (Ca_NSR) = 0.001 ((\frac{(- i_tr) V_JSR}{V_NSR} - i_leak) + i_up) \frac{d}{d time} (Cai) = \frac{0.001}{1 + \frac{CMDN_max K_mCMDN}{{(K_mCMDN + Cai)}^{2}} + \frac{Tn_max K_mTn}{{(K_mTn + Cai)}^{2}}} (\frac{(- 1) A_cap ((i_CaCa + i_Ca_T - i_NaCa) + i_p_Ca + i_Ca_b)}{2 V_myo F} + \frac{i_rel V_JSR}{V_myo} + \frac{(i_leak - i_up) V_NSR}{V_myo})

Component: ionic_concentrations

volume = π preplength {radius}^{2} V_myo = 0.68 volume \frac{d}{d time} (Nai) = \frac{(- 0.001) (i_Na + i_CaNa + i_Na_b + i_ns_Na + i_NaCa 3 + i_NaK 3) A_cap}{V_myo F} \frac{d}{d time} (Ki) = \frac{(- 0.001) (i_CaK + i_Kr + i_Ks + i_K1 + i_Kp + i_K_ATP + i_to + i_ns_K + (- i_NaK) 2) A_cap}{V_myo F}