Rendering of the source text

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 05/11/2007 at 17:03:04 using:

COR (0.9.31.801)
Copyright 2002-2007 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk

CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" cmeta:id="tentusscher_2004_m_cell" name="tentusscher_2004_mcell">

<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>A Model For Human Ventricular Tissue - M-cell variant</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Penny</firstname>
          <surname>Noble</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Oxford University</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">   
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
            This variant of the model was created by Penny Noble of Oxford University, and represents the parameters given for the M-cell variant in Ten Tusscher et al. 2004. A stimulus protocol component has been added to the model to allow simulation of trains of action potentials. This file is known to run in OpenCell and COR to recreate the published results.  The units have been checked and they are consistent. 
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
ABSTRACT: The experimental and clinical possibilities for studying cardiac arrhythmias in human ventricular myocardium are very limited. Therefore, the use of alternative methods such as computer simulations is of great importance. In this article we introduce a mathematical model of the action potential of human ventricular cells that, while including a high level of electrophysiological detail, is computationally cost-effective enough to be applied in large-scale spatial simulations for the study of reentrant arrhythmias. The model is based on recent experimental data on most of the major ionic currents: the fast sodium, L-type calcium, transient outward, rapid and slow delayed rectifier, and inward rectifier currents. The model includes a basic calcium dynamics, allowing for the realistic modeling of calcium transients, calcium current inactivation, and the contraction staircase. We are able to reproduce human epicardial, endocardial, and M cell action potentials and show that differences can be explained by differences in the transient outward and slow delayed rectifier currents. Our model reproduces the experimentally observed data on action potential duration restitution, which is an important characteristic for reentrant arrhythmias. The conduction velocity restitution of our model is broader than in other models and agrees better with available data. Finally, we model the dynamics of spiral wave rotation in a two-dimensional sheet of human ventricular tissue and show that the spiral wave follows a complex meandering pattern and has a period of 265 ms. We conclude that the proposed model reproduces a variety of electrophysiological behaviors and provides a basis for studies of reentrant arrhythmias in human ventricular tissue.
</para>

<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
A model for human ventricular tissue, K.H.W.J. ten Tusscher, D. Noble, P.J. Noble, and A.V. Panfilov, 2004, 
            <emphasis>American Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
          , 286, H1573-H1589. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14656705">PubMed ID: 14656705</ulink>
</para>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>cell diagram</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="ten_tusscher_2004.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram of the Ten Tusscher <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> 2004 mathematical model of the human ventricular myocyte.</caption>
</informalfigure>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>


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                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_xr1</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
               <ci>alpha_xr1</ci>
               <ci>beta_xr1</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Xr1</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>xr1_inf</ci>
                  <ci>Xr1</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_xr1</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr2_gate">
      <variable initial_value="1" name="Xr2" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="xr2_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="alpha_xr2" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="beta_xr2" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_xr2" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>xr2_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">88</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">24</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_xr2</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_xr2</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1.12</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_xr2</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
               <ci>alpha_xr2</ci>
               <ci>beta_xr2</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Xr2</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>xr2_inf</ci>
                  <ci>Xr2</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_xr2</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current_i_Ks" name="i_Ks" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.062" name="g_Ks" units="nanoS_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="E_Ks" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="Xs" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Ks</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_Ks</ci>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>Xs</ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Ks</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xs_gate">
      <variable initial_value="0" name="Xs" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="xs_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="alpha_xs" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="beta_xs" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_xs" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>xs_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">14</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_xs</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1100</cn>
               <apply>
                  <root/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">6</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_xs</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_xs</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
               <ci>alpha_xs</ci>
               <ci>beta_xs</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Xs</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>xs_inf</ci>
                  <ci>Xs</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_xs</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="fast_sodium_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="fast_sodium_current_i_Na" name="i_Na" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="14.838" name="g_Na" units="nanoS_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="m" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="h" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="j" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_Na</ci>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>m</ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>h</ci>
               <ci>j</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
      <variable initial_value="0" name="m" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="m_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="alpha_m" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="beta_m" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_m" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>m_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">56.86</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">9.03</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_m</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_m</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">200</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_m</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
               <ci>alpha_m</ci>
               <ci>beta_m</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>m</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>m_inf</ci>
                  <ci>m</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_m</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
      <variable initial_value="0.75" name="h" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="h_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="alpha_h" units="per_millisecond"/>
      <variable name="beta_h" units="per_millisecond"/>
      <variable name="tau_h" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>h_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">71.55</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7.43</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_h</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.057</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">6.8</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_h</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">2.7</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.079</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">310000</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.3485</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.77</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.13</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10.66</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">11.1</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_h</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_h</ci>
                  <ci>beta_h</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>h</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>h_inf</ci>
                  <ci>h</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_h</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="fast_sodium_current_j_gate">
      <variable initial_value="0.75" name="j" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="j_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="alpha_j" units="per_millisecond"/>
      <variable name="beta_j" units="per_millisecond"/>
      <variable name="tau_j" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>j_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">71.55</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7.43</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_j</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">25428</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2444</cn>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millisecond">6.948   <sep/>
                                 -6</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04391</cn>
                                       </apply>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">37.78</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.311</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">79.23</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_j</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.02424</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.01052</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1378</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40.14</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.6</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.057</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">32</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_j</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_j</ci>
                  <ci>beta_j</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>j</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>j_inf</ci>
                  <ci>j</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_j</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_background_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="sodium_background_current_i_b_Na" name="i_b_Na" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.00029" name="g_bna" units="nanoS_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_b_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_bna</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_current_i_CaL" name="i_CaL" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.000175" name="g_CaL" units="litre_per_farad_second"/>
      <variable name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="Ca_i" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
      <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
      <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
      <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="d" private_interface="in" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="f" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="fCa" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_CaL</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>g_CaL</ci>
                        <ci>d</ci>
                        <ci>f</ci>
                        <ci>fCa</ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>R</ci>
                        <ci>T</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
                        <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>R</ci>
                           <ci>T</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_current_d_gate">
      <variable initial_value="0" name="d" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="d_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="alpha_d" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="beta_d" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="gamma_d" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="tau_d" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>d_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7.5</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1.4</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">13</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.25</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1.4</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>gamma_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
                  <ci>alpha_d</ci>
                  <ci>beta_d</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>gamma_d</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>d</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>d_inf</ci>
                  <ci>d</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_d</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_current_f_gate">
      <variable initial_value="1" name="f" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="f_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_f" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_f</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1125</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <power/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">27</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt_square">240</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">80</cn>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">165</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>f</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>f_inf</ci>
                  <ci>f</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_f</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_current_fCa_gate">
      <variable initial_value="1" name="fCa" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="alpha_fCa" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="beta_fCa" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="gama_fCa" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="fCa_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_fCa" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="d_fCa" units="per_millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_fCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.000325</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">8</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_fCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0005</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0001</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>gama_fCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.00075</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0008</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>fCa_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_fCa</ci>
                  <ci>beta_fCa</ci>
                  <ci>gama_fCa</ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.23</cn>
               </apply>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1.46</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_fCa</ci>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">2</cn>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>d_fCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>fCa_inf</ci>
                  <ci>fCa</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_fCa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>fCa</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>fCa_inf</ci>
                        <ci>fCa</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <ci>d_fCa</ci>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="calcium_background_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="calcium_background_current_i_b_Ca" name="i_b_Ca" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.000592" name="g_bca" units="nanoS_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="E_Ca" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_bca</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Ca</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="transient_outward_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="transient_outward_current_i_to" name="i_to" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.294" name="g_to" units="nanoS_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="s" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="r" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_to</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_to</ci>
               <ci>r</ci>
               <ci>s</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="transient_outward_current_s_gate">
      <variable initial_value="1" name="s" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="s_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_s" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">85</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <power/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt_square">320</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">5</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">3</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_inf</ci>
                  <ci>s</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="transient_outward_current_r_gate">
      <variable initial_value="0" name="r" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="r_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_r" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">6</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_r</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">9.5</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <power/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt_square">1800</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">0.8</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>r</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>r_inf</ci>
                  <ci>r</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_r</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_potassium_pump_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="sodium_potassium_pump_current_i_NaK" name="i_NaK" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="1.362" name="P_NaK" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="1" name="K_mk" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="40" name="K_mNa" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
      <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
      <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
      <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaK</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>P_NaK</ci>
                           <ci>K_o</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_o</ci>
                           <ci>K_mk</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Na_i</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>Na_i</ci>
                     <ci>K_mNa</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <ci>F</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>R</ci>
                              <ci>T</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0353</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>F</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>R</ci>
                              <ci>T</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_calcium_exchanger_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="sodium_calcium_exchanger_current_i_NaCa" name="i_NaCa" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="1000" name="K_NaCa" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.1" name="K_sat" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable initial_value="2.5" name="alpha" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.35" name="gamma" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable initial_value="1.38" name="Km_Ca" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="87.5" name="Km_Nai" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="Na_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
      <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
      <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>K_NaCa</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>gamma</ci>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Na_i</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>gamma</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Na_o</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <ci>alpha</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Km_Nai</ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Na_o</ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>Km_Ca</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>K_sat</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>gamma</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="calcium_pump_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="calcium_pump_current_i_p_Ca" name="i_p_Ca" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.825" name="g_pCa" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.0005" name="K_pCa" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>g_pCa</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <ci>K_pCa</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="potassium_pump_current">
      <variable cmeta:id="potassium_pump_current_i_p_K" name="i_p_K" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.0146" name="g_pK" units="nanoS_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_p_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>g_pK</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <ci>E_K</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5.98</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="calcium_dynamics">
      <variable initial_value="0.0002" name="Ca_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="2" name="Ca_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.2" name="Ca_SR" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable cmeta:id="calcium_dynamics_i_rel" name="i_rel" units="millimolar_per_millisecond"/>
      <variable cmeta:id="calcium_dynamics_i_up" name="i_up" units="millimolar_per_millisecond"/>
      <variable cmeta:id="calcium_dynamics_i_leak" name="i_leak" units="millimolar_per_millisecond"/>
      <variable initial_value="1" name="g" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable initial_value="2" name="tau_g" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="g_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.016464" name="a_rel" units="millimolar_per_millisecond"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.25" name="b_rel" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.008232" name="c_rel" units="millimolar_per_millisecond"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.00025" name="K_up" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="8e-5" name="V_leak" units="per_millisecond"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.000425" name="Vmax_up" units="millimolar_per_millisecond"/>
      <variable name="Ca_i_bufc" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="Ca_sr_bufsr" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.15" name="Buf_c" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.001" name="K_buf_c" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="10" name="Buf_sr" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.3" name="K_buf_sr" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="0.001094" name="V_sr" units="micrometre3"/>
      <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
      <variable name="V_c" public_interface="in" units="micrometre3"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="d" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
      <variable name="Cm" public_interface="in" units="microF"/>
      <variable name="i_CaL" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_NaCa" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_p_Ca" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_b_Ca" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="d_g" units="per_millisecond"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_rel</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>a_rel</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>b_rel</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>c_rel</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>d</ci>
               <ci>g</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_up</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>Vmax_up</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_up</ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_leak</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>V_leak</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>g_inf</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.00035</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">6</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.00035</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.00035</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">16</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>d_g</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>g_inf</ci>
                  <ci>g</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_g</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>g</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>g_inf</ci>
                        <ci>g</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <ci>d_g</ci>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ca_i_bufc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Buf_c</ci>
                        <ci>K_buf_c</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           <ci>K_buf_c</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ca_sr_bufsr</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Buf_sr</ci>
                        <ci>K_buf_sr</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                           <ci>K_buf_sr</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>Ca_i_bufc</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>i_leak</ci>
                        <ci>i_up</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>i_rel</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_pA">1</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>i_CaL</ci>
                                 <ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
                                 <ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                 <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
                           <ci>V_c</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Cm</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Ca_sr_bufsr</ci>
                     <ci>V_c</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>V_sr</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>i_up</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>i_rel</ci>
                     <ci>i_leak</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_dynamics">
      <variable initial_value="11.6" name="Na_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="140" name="Na_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
      <variable name="Cm" public_interface="in" units="microF"/>
      <variable name="V_c" public_interface="in" units="micrometre3"/>
      <variable name="i_Na" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_NaCa" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_b_Na" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Na_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_pA">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>i_Na</ci>
                     <ci>i_b_Na</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Cm</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
                  <ci>V_c</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="potassium_dynamics">
      <variable initial_value="138.3" name="K_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable initial_value="5.4" name="K_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
      <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
      <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
      <variable name="Cm" public_interface="in" units="microF"/>
      <variable name="V_c" public_interface="in" units="micrometre3"/>
      <variable name="i_K1" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_to" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_Kr" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_Ks" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_p_K" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <variable name="i_Stim" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>K_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_pA">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>i_K1</ci>
                        <ci>i_to</ci>
                        <ci>i_Kr</ci>
                        <ci>i_Ks</ci>
                        <ci>i_p_K</ci>
                        <ci>i_Stim</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Cm</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
                  <ci>V_c</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <group>
      <relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
      <component_ref component="membrane">
         <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
            <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current">
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_d_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_f_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_fCa_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current">
            <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr1_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr2_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current">
            <component_ref component="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xs_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
         <component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
         <component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
            <component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump_current"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_calcium_exchanger_current"/>
         <component_ref component="calcium_pump_current"/>
         <component_ref component="potassium_pump_current"/>
         <component_ref component="calcium_dynamics"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_dynamics"/>
         <component_ref component="potassium_dynamics"/>
         <component_ref component="reversal_potentials"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <group>
      <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
         <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current">
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_d_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_f_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_fCa_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current">
         <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr1_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr2_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current">
         <component_ref component="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xs_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
         <component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="inward_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="calcium_dynamics" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="sodium_dynamics" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="potassium_dynamics" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="reversal_potentials"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="L_type_Ca_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_CaL" variable_2="i_CaL"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="inward_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_b_Na" variable_2="i_b_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_b_Ca" variable_2="i_b_Ca"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_calcium_exchanger_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_pump_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_p_Ca" variable_2="i_p_Ca"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="potassium_pump_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_p_K" variable_2="i_p_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V_c" variable_2="V_c"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cm" variable_2="Cm"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V_c" variable_2="V_c"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cm" variable_2="Cm"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="potassium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V_c" variable_2="V_c"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cm" variable_2="Cm"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Stim" variable_2="i_Stim"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="inward_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
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    <rdf:value>A stimulus protocol component was added to the model to allow simulation of trains of action potentials. Values for the amplitude (-52 picoA per picoF) and duration (1 ms) of the stimulus were taken from the original single stimulus in the model. The period of 1000 ms is intended to reflect beat period of the human heart, on which this model is based.</rdf:value>
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    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Lawson</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Richard</vCard:Other>
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    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Lawson</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Richard</vCard:Other>
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    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#948fcd7f-44b6-4a59-803e-d2931920e605">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
    <rdf:value>unknown</rdf:value>
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    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Tommy</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Yu</vCard:Family>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#157954b8-18d9-4028-abb6-3050db782c35">
    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Penny</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Noble</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">unknown</vCard:Other>
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    <dcterms:W3CDTF xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">2007-10-18T15:39:05+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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    <ns7:boundIntervals xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$nZnH.1"/>
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    <bqs:subject_type xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#">keyword</bqs:subject_type>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#37bdac01-0411-4c42-9f51-ab05680ed96a">
    <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology</dc:title>
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    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
    <rdf:value>penny.noble@dpag.ox.ac.uk</rdf:value>
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    <ns7:endingValue xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">10000</ns7:endingValue>
    <ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">10000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
    <ns7:maximumStepSize xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">0.01</ns7:maximumStepSize>
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    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#1e19283c-2e21-42e9-9d1a-3cb85bdd76be"/>
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    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#9f0bbf92-7466-42c5-9dc0-2f1470ff6d79"/>
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    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Lawson</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Richard</vCard:Other>
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    <vCard:ORG xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#5d1bfb7d-722c-42ea-adf6-16114a7a22e9"/>
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    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#e1fea502-dc59-494f-8e92-90618056b4b7"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2736b5a1-e26d-4618-9dfc-e73fa1983ee4">
    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Penny</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Noble</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">J</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4ff62832-a95d-4a53-b0e5-0fe8a7e94e0c">
    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#0c416269-ddf5-48c9-ab48-916a404ff438"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3630fa95-f900-4a5a-a70e-2e1f0afc2fc5">
    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#afe98b15-bc5d-4624-a72a-72be6ca1b507"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d4afc7e3-b69b-48bc-b422-9a3979e48c6f">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">2007-06-22T15:51:38+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f51be818-d44e-4d90-861d-833f77889d2c">
    <vCard:ORG xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#e73e76f4-5e33-46cc-9ebf-3c80b685c5d3"/>
    <vCard:EMAIL xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#948fcd7f-44b6-4a59-803e-d2931920e605"/>
    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#157954b8-18d9-4028-abb6-3050db782c35"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9c176e4c-ffb7-4213-ac54-263c2ebf24da">
    <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" rdf:resource="rdf:#8564ffeb-76b6-4b96-ab64-438b59853105"/>
    <rdf:value>This variant of the model was created by Penny Noble of Oxford University, and represents the parameters given for the M-cell variant in Ten Tusscher et al. 2004. A stimulus protocol component has been added to the model to allow simulation of trains of action potentials (JL, 18/06/07). This file is known to run in PCEnv and COR.</rdf:value>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8b4426fc-e7b6-4b56-8ae1-6dbccb5d5e47">
    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#f466f81f-77a6-495a-ad6f-5f56ddc3214d"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#28d7fb05-cfa0-4080-91da-a9c4bfb9806c">
    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Lawson</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Richard</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1ba94015-96a2-4ac7-9956-302a20a0485b">
    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">P</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Noble</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">J</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#41d307c2-a4ae-4000-9179-d17c9604da8f">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">2007-11-26T12:38:03+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2758a0ce-a078-4aa3-8f3a-d7a47e96c46c">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">2007-12-06T15:13:38+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$5qYgz1">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$6qYgz1"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#afe98b15-bc5d-4624-a72a-72be6ca1b507">
    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Lawson</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Richard</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$TTbci">
    <ns7:endingValue xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">10000</ns7:endingValue>
    <ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">100000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
    <ns7:maximumStepSize xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">0.01</ns7:maximumStepSize>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$ozQGz">
    <ns7:endingValue xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">10000</ns7:endingValue>
    <ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">50000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
    <ns7:maximumStepSize xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">0.1</ns7:maximumStepSize>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#df6a1893-9e56-471c-a6d4-bfd30a797236">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#023e0b51-279e-4b21-89cc-d5bf68ebaa1a"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$nzQGz">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$ozQGz"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ee4f9c1e-f859-4dd4-95f0-25a6c1de83ba">
    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">K</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Ten Tusscher</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">H</vCard:Other>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#347ed4e4-c0d2-41c2-b879-8be8d12e5e16">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#ee4f9c1e-f859-4dd4-95f0-25a6c1de83ba"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bd2eef02-8b67-49c5-85af-e2a1787eafc3">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">2007-05-06T12:35:00+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$oZnH.1">
    <ns7:endingValue xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">10000</ns7:endingValue>
    <ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">10000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
    <ns7:maximumStepSize xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">0.1</ns7:maximumStepSize>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$RTbci">
    <ns7:boundIntervals xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$STbci"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#cfa84a7b-c4be-4e0a-ba1b-d52df81f2c5e">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">2004-04-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="#tentusscher_2004_m_cell">
    <ns7:simulation xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$+k1WL"/>
    <ns7:simulation xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$4qYgz1"/>
    <ns7:simulation xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$RTbci"/>
    <ns7:simulation xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$c02cI3"/>
    <ns7:simulation xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$mZnH.1"/>
    <ns7:simulation xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$mzQGz"/>
    <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">unknown</dc:title>
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#f9e0a27f-cc1f-4cfa-ae1d-d06dda594542"/>
    <bqs:reference xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#31d2c8d3-9e0f-4390-a0dd-49ffbb1b3e7f"/>
    <bqs:reference xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#57066891-a6c1-4691-8cbd-96958e8232ca"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f8140607-0935-4c49-89c7-8c70eee275e2">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">2008-01-25T09:54:15+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
    <dcterms:created xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" rdf:resource="rdf:#62e7f227-da71-4eb6-bc5d-fce425307859"/>
    <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" rdf:resource="rdf:#f51be818-d44e-4d90-861d-833f77889d2c"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$0l1WL">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$1l1WL"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c169a7d6-0345-481e-9ff7-5bd3f483618b">
    <dcterms:modified xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" rdf:resource="rdf:#41d307c2-a4ae-4000-9179-d17c9604da8f"/>
    <rdf:value>Tommy hand-fixed the RDF to get the repository to save the simulation metadata.</rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#4ff62832-a95d-4a53-b0e5-0fe8a7e94e0c"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8564ffeb-76b6-4b96-ab64-438b59853105">
    <vCard:FN xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">James Lawson</vCard:FN>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#31d2c8d3-9e0f-4390-a0dd-49ffbb1b3e7f">
    <bqs:Pubmed_id xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#">14656705</bqs:Pubmed_id>
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    <ns7:endingValue xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">10000</ns7:endingValue>
    <ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">100000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
    <ns7:maximumStepSize xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#">0.1</ns7:maximumStepSize>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f466f81f-77a6-495a-ad6f-5f56ddc3214d">
    <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Lawson</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Richard</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#62e7f227-da71-4eb6-bc5d-fce425307859">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">2006-01-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#10dc27e0-3958-478a-98b3-ce62d8bda228">
    <dcterms:modified xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" rdf:resource="rdf:#d4afc7e3-b69b-48bc-b422-9a3979e48c6f"/>
    <rdf:value>Some variables have been given cmeta:id's to allow a PCEnv session to be created.</rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#3630fa95-f900-4a5a-a70e-2e1f0afc2fc5"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$c02cI3">
    <ns7:boundIntervals xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#$d02cI3"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2b8577d9-d937-40c6-a8dd-82abe6abaa3d">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#ba0fde41-e133-499f-9e22-d89c780c0587"/>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#45442339-ea6c-4461-9baf-527e257edbd0">
    <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:resource="rdf:#148c20f0-6fed-44c0-85cd-b92d245e0823"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e73e76f4-5e33-46cc-9ebf-3c80b685c5d3">
    <vCard:Orgname xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Oxford University</vCard:Orgname>
    <vCard:Orgunit xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">unknown</vCard:Orgunit>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>