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<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>Using Physiome standards to couple cellular functions for rat cardiac excitation-contraction</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
        Since this is the exact same model encoding which was used to create the results presented in the paper, this CellML model is known to accurately represent the published article.
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
  <title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
ABSTRACT: Scientific endeavour is reliant upon the extension and reuse of previous knowledge. The formalization of this process for computational modelling is facilitated by the use of accepted standards with which to describe and simulate models, ensuring consistency between the models and thus reducing the development and propagation of errors. CellML 1.1, an XML-based programming language, has been designed as a modelling standard which, by virtue of its import and grouping functions, facilitates model combination and reuse. Using CellML 1.1, we demonstrate the process of formalized model reuse by combining three separate models of rat cardiomyocyte function (an electrophysiology model, a model of cellular calcium dynamics and a mechanics model) which together make up the Pandit-Hinch-Niederer et al. cell model. Not only is this integrative model of rat electromechanics a useful tool for cardiac modelling but it is also an ideal framework with which to demonstrate both the power of model reuse and the challenges associated with this process. We highlight and classify a number of these issues associated with combining models and provide some suggested solutions.
</para>

<para>
<ulink url="http://ep.physoc.org/cgi/content/abstract/93/7/919">Using Physiome standards to couple cellular functions for rat cardiac excitation-contraction</ulink>, Jonna R. Terkildsen, Steven Niederer, Edmund J. Crampin, Peter Hunter and Nicolas P. Smith, 2008, <ulink url="http://ep.physoc.org/">
            <emphasis>Experimental Physiology</emphasis>
          </ulink>, 93, 919-929. (<ulink url="http://ep.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/93/7/919">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://ep.physoc.org/cgi/reprint/93/7/919">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available to journal subscribers on the <emphasis>Experimental Physiology</emphasis> website.)  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;dopt=AbstractPlus&amp;list_uids=18344258&amp;query_hl=1&amp;itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 18344258</ulink>
</para>



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    <imagedata fileref="terkildsen_2008.png"/>
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<caption>A schematic diagram of the CellML model.</caption>
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<para>
A CellML 1.1 version of this model is also available, which imports components from the Pandit et al. 2001, Hinch et al. 2004 and Niederer et al. 2006 models into a parent model. Please get the CellML 1.1 model code <ulink url="http://www.cellml.org/models_1.1/pandit-hinch-niederer-model/">here</ulink>.
</para>
</sect1>


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                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="per_mV">127140</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.2444</cn>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.00003474</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.04391</cn>
                                       </apply>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1212</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.01052</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.1378</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="mV">40.14</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>j</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>j_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>j</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_j</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_t" cmeta:id="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_i_t"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="mSi" name="g_t" initial_value="0.035e-3"/>
      <variable units="mSi" name="g_t_endo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="a_endo" initial_value="0.583"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="b_endo" initial_value="0.417"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="mJ_per_mole_K" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="C_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_slow"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>g_t_endo</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.4647</cn>
               <ci>g_t</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>R</ci>
                     <ci>T</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <ln/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>K_o</ci>
                     <ci>K_i</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_t</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_t_endo</ci>
               <ci>r</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>a_endo</ci>
                     <ci>s</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>b_endo</ci>
                     <ci>s_slow</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="0.002542"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="tau_r"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="r_infinity"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">10.6</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">11.42</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_r</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="ms">1000</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.03577</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">50</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">38</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>r</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>r_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>r</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_r</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="0.8823"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="tau_s_endo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_infinity"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">45.3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="mV">6.8841</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s_endo</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="ms">550</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">70</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">25</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="ms">49</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s_endo</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_slow" initial_value="0.42756"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="tau_s_slow_endo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_slow_infinity"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_slow_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">45.3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="mV">6.8841</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s_slow_endo</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="ms">3300</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">70</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="ms">49</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s_slow</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_slow_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s_slow</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s_slow_endo</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="pandit_steady_state_outward_K_current">
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_ss" cmeta:id="pandit_steady_state_outward_K_current_i_ss"/>
      <variable units="mSi" name="g_ss" initial_value="0.007e-3"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_ss"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_ss</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_ss</ci>
               <ci>r_ss</ci>
               <ci>s_ss</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_ss" initial_value="0.0033545"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="tau_r_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="r_ss_infinity"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_ss_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">11.5</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">11.82</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="ms">10000</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.03577</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">50</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">38</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>r_ss</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>r_ss_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>r_ss</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_ss" initial_value="0.266596"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="tau_s_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_ss_infinity"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_ss_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">87.5</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="mV">10.3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
            <cn cellml:units="ms">2100</cn>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s_ss</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_ss_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s_ss</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="pandit_inward_rectifier">
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1" cmeta:id="pandit_inward_rectifier_i_K1"/>
      <variable units="mSi" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.024e-3"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="mJ_per_mole_K" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="C_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_K1</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <cn cellml:units="uA">48e-3</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="mV">37</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">25</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="mV">37</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="mV">25</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="uA">10e-3</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>E_K</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="mV">76.77</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mV">17</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>g_K1</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>E_K</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">1.73</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.613</cn>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>E_K</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="mV">1.73</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>K_o</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mM">0.9988</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="mM">0.124</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_f" cmeta:id="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current_i_f"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_Na"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_K"/>
      <variable units="mSi" name="g_f" initial_value="0.00145e-3"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Na" initial_value="0.2"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_K"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <ci>f_Na</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_f</ci>
               <ci>y</ci>
               <ci>f_Na</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_f</ci>
               <ci>y</ci>
               <ci>f_K</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>i_f_Na</ci>
               <ci>i_f_K</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="0.0026369"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="tau_y"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">138.6</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="mV">10.48</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_y</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="ms">1000</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.11885</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">80</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="mV">28.37</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5623</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">80</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="mV">14.19</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>y</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>y_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>y</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_y</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="pandit_background_currents">
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na" cmeta:id="pandit_background_currents_i_B_Na"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
      <variable units="mSi" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.00008015e-3"/>
      <variable units="mSi" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0.000138e-3"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_B_Na</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_B_K</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="pandit_sodium_potassium_pump">
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK" cmeta:id="pandit_sodium_potassium_pump_i_NaK"/>
      <variable units="uA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.95e-4"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="K_m_K" initial_value="1.5"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="K_m_Na" initial_value="10"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
      <variable units="mJ_per_mole_K" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="C_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>sigma</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Na_o</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="mM">67.3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaK</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <apply>
                                             <minus/>
                                             <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                                          </apply>
                                          <ci>V</ci>
                                          <ci>F</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <ci>R</ci>
                                          <ci>T</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
                                 <ci>sigma</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <apply>
                                             <minus/>
                                             <ci>V</ci>
                                          </apply>
                                          <ci>F</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <ci>R</ci>
                                          <ci>T</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>K_o</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>K_o</ci>
                        <ci>K_m_K</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>K_m_Na</ci>
                        <ci>Na_i</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="pandit_standard_ionic_concentrations">
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.2"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
   </component>
   <component name="hinch_CaRU">
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" private_interface="out" name="g_D" initial_value="0.065"/>
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" private_interface="out" name="J_R" initial_value="0.02"/>
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" private_interface="out" name="J_L" initial_value="9.13e-4"/>
      <variable units="um3" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V_myo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="out" name="N" initial_value="50000"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_SR"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="FVRT_Ca"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" private_interface="in" name="I_RyR"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" private_interface="in" name="I_LCC"/>
   </component>
   <component name="CaRU_Transitions">
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="C_oc"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="C_co"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="mV" name="V_L" initial_value="-2"/>
      <variable units="mV" name="del_VL" initial_value="7"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="phi_L" initial_value="2.35"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="t_L" initial_value="1"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="tau_L" initial_value="650"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="t_R"/>
      <variable units="ms" name="tau_R" initial_value="2.43"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="phi_R" initial_value="0.05"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="theta_R" initial_value="0.012"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="K_RyR" initial_value="41e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="K_L" initial_value="0.22e-3"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="0.0625"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="14"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="c" initial_value="0.01"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="d" initial_value="100"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="expVL"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="alpha_p"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="alpha_m"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="beta_poc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="beta_pcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="beta_m"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="epsilon_pco"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="epsilon_pcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="epsilon_m"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="mu_poc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="mu_pcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="mu_moc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="mu_mcc"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>expVL</ci>
            <apply>
               <exp/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <ci>V_L</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>del_VL</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>t_R</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.17</cn>
               <ci>t_L</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_p</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>expVL</ci>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>t_L</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>expVL</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_m</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>phi_L</ci>
               <ci>t_L</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_poc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>C_oc</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>t_R</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>C_oc</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>t_R</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_m</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>phi_R</ci>
               <ci>t_R</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>epsilon_pco</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>C_co</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>expVL</ci>
                     <ci>a</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>tau_L</ci>
                  <ci>K_L</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>expVL</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>epsilon_pcc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>expVL</ci>
                     <ci>a</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>tau_L</ci>
                  <ci>K_L</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>expVL</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>epsilon_m</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>b</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>expVL</ci>
                     <ci>a</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>tau_L</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>b</ci>
                        <ci>expVL</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>a</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>mu_poc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>C_oc</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>c</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>tau_R</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>C_oc</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>mu_pcc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>c</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>tau_R</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>mu_moc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>theta_R</ci>
                  <ci>d</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>C_oc</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>c</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>tau_R</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>d</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>C_oc</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>c</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>mu_mcc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>theta_R</ci>
                  <ci>d</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>c</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>tau_R</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>d</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>c</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>K_RyR</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="DS_Calcium_Concentrations">
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_SR"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="FVRT_Ca"/>
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="g_D"/>
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="J_R"/>
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="J_L"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="C_cc"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="C_oc"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="C_co"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="C_oo"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>C_cc</ci>
            <ci>Ca_i</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>C_co</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>J_R</ci>
                        <ci>g_D</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>J_R</ci>
                     <ci>g_D</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>C_oc</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.000000001</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>J_L</ci>
                              <ci>g_D</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_L</ci>
                           <ci>g_D</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>C_oo</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>J_R</ci>
                              <ci>g_D</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_R</ci>
                           <ci>g_D</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.000000001</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>J_R</ci>
                              <ci>g_D</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>J_L</ci>
                              <ci>g_D</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_R</ci>
                           <ci>g_D</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_L</ci>
                           <ci>g_D</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="LCC_and_RyR_fluxes">
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="g_D"/>
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="J_R"/>
      <variable units="um3_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="J_L"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_SR"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="FVRT_Ca"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="J_Loo"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="J_Loc"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="J_Rco"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="J_Roo"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_Rco</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>J_R</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>J_R</ci>
                     <ci>g_D</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_Roo</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>J_R</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                              <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <ci>J_L</ci>
                                       <ci>g_D</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                    <apply>
                                       <exp/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                       <exp/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_R</ci>
                           <ci>g_D</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>J_R</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                              <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <ci>J_L</ci>
                                       <ci>g_D</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                    <apply>
                                       <exp/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                       <exp/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_R</ci>
                           <ci>g_D</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_Loc</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>J_L</ci>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>J_L</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_Loo</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>J_L</ci>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_R</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                       <exp/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                                 <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_R</ci>
                           <ci>g_D</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>J_L</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_R</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                       <exp/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                                 <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>J_R</ci>
                           <ci>g_D</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>J_L</ci>
                                 <ci>g_D</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="CaRU_states">
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="alpha_p"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="alpha_m"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="beta_pcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="beta_poc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="beta_m"/>
      <variable units="per_ms3" name="denom"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_oc"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_co"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_oo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_cc"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_ci"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_oi"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_ic"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_io"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y_ii"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>denom</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                        <ci>beta_m</ci>
                        <ci>beta_poc</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>beta_m</ci>
                        <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>beta_m</ci>
                        <ci>beta_poc</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_oc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                  <ci>beta_m</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                     <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                     <ci>beta_m</ci>
                     <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>denom</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_co</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                           <ci>beta_m</ci>
                           <ci>beta_poc</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>beta_poc</ci>
                        <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>denom</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_oo</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>beta_poc</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                           <ci>beta_m</ci>
                           <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
                        <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>denom</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_cc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                  <ci>beta_m</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                     <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                     <ci>beta_m</ci>
                     <ci>beta_poc</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>denom</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_ci</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>alpha_m</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_oi</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>alpha_p</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_ic</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>beta_m</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
                  <ci>beta_m</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_io</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
                  <ci>beta_m</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_ii</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                    <ci>y_oc</ci>
                                 </apply>
                                 <ci>y_co</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>y_oo</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>y_cc</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>y_ci</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>y_ic</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>y_oi</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>y_io</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="CaRU_reduced_states">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y_oc"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y_cc"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y_co"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="alpha_p"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="alpha_m"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="beta_pcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="beta_m"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="epsilon_pco"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="epsilon_pcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="epsilon_m"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="mu_poc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="mu_pcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="mu_moc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="mu_mcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="r_1"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="r_2"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="r_3"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="r_4"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="r_5"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="r_6"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="r_7"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="r_8"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="z_1" initial_value="0.98794"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="z_2" initial_value="0.00887"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="z_3" initial_value="0.003156"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="z_4"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_1</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>y_oc</ci>
                  <ci>mu_poc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>y_cc</ci>
                  <ci>mu_pcc</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_2</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                     <ci>mu_moc</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                     <ci>mu_mcc</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_3</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>beta_m</ci>
                  <ci>mu_pcc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>beta_m</ci>
                  <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_4</ci>
            <ci>mu_mcc</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_5</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>y_co</ci>
                  <ci>epsilon_pco</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>y_cc</ci>
                  <ci>epsilon_pcc</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_6</ci>
            <ci>epsilon_m</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_7</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                  <ci>epsilon_pcc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_8</ci>
            <ci>epsilon_m</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>z_4</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>z_1</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>z_2</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>z_3</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>z_1</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>r_1</ci>
                        <ci>r_5</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>z_1</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>r_2</ci>
                  <ci>z_2</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>r_6</ci>
                  <ci>z_3</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>z_2</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>r_1</ci>
                     <ci>z_1</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>r_2</ci>
                        <ci>r_7</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>z_2</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>r_8</ci>
                  <ci>z_4</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>z_3</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>r_5</ci>
                     <ci>z_1</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>r_6</ci>
                        <ci>r_3</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>z_3</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>r_4</ci>
                  <ci>z_4</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="RyR_current">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y_oo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y_co"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y_oc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="beta_pcc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="beta_m"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="J_Roo"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="J_Rco"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="z_1"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="z_3"/>
      <variable units="um3" public_interface="in" name="V_myo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="N"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="J_R1"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="J_R3"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_RyR" cmeta:id="RyR_current_I_RyR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_R1</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>y_oo</ci>
                  <ci>J_Roo</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>J_Rco</ci>
                  <ci>y_co</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_R3</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>J_Rco</ci>
                  <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>beta_m</ci>
                  <ci>beta_pcc</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_RyR</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>z_1</ci>
                        <ci>J_R1</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>z_3</ci>
                        <ci>J_R3</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>N</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>V_myo</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="LCC_current">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y_oo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="y_oc"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="alpha_p"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="alpha_m"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="J_Loo"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="J_Loc"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="z_1"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="z_2"/>
      <variable units="um3" public_interface="in" name="V_myo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="N"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="J_L1"/>
      <variable units="um3_mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="J_L2"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_LCC" cmeta:id="LCC_current_I_LCC"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_L1</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>J_Loo</ci>
                  <ci>y_oo</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>J_Loc</ci>
                  <ci>y_oc</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_L2</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>J_Loc</ci>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_p</ci>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_LCC</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>z_1</ci>
                        <ci>J_L1</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>z_2</ci>
                        <ci>J_L2</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>N</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>V_myo</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hinch_Na_Ca_Exchanger">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="FVRT"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="K_mNa" initial_value="87.5"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="K_mCa" initial_value="1380e-3"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="eta" initial_value="0.35"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="k_sat" initial_value="0.1"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" name="g_NCX" initial_value="38.5e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_NaCa" cmeta:id="hinch_Na_Ca_Exchanger_I_NaCa"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_NaCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>g_NCX</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>eta</ci>
                              <ci>FVRT</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Na_i</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>eta</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>FVRT</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Na_o</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Na_o</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_mNa</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                     <ci>K_mCa</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>k_sat</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>eta</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>FVRT</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hinch_SERCA">
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" name="g_SERCA" initial_value="0.45e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="K_SERCA" initial_value="0.5e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_SERCA" cmeta:id="hinch_SERCA_I_SERCA"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_SERCA</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>g_SERCA</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>K_SERCA</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hinch_Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump">
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" name="g_pCa" initial_value="0.0035e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="K_mpCa" initial_value="0.5e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_pCa" cmeta:id="hinch_Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump_I_pCa"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_pCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>g_pCa</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>K_mpCa</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hinch_Background_Ca_current">
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="mJ_per_mole_K" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="C_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="mV" public_interface="out" name="E_Ca"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_mV_ms" name="g_CaB" initial_value="2.6875e-8"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_CaB" cmeta:id="hinch_Background_Ca_current_I_CaB"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>R</ci>
                     <ci>T</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     <ci>F</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <ln/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_CaB</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_CaB</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>E_Ca</ci>
                  <ci>V</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hinch_SR_Ca_leak_current">
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_SR"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="g_SRl" initial_value="1.8951e-5"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_SR" cmeta:id="hinch_SR_Ca_leak_current_I_SR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_SR</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_SRl</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hinch_calmodulin_Ca_buffer">
      <variable units="mM" name="k_CMDN" initial_value="2.382e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="B_CMDN" initial_value="50e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="beta_CMDN"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_CMDN</ci>
            <apply>
               <power/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>k_CMDN</ci>
                        <ci>B_CMDN</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>k_CMDN</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="convert_hinch">
      <variable units="C_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="uL" public_interface="in" name="V_myo_uL"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="hinch_I_LCC"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="hinch_I_NaCa"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="hinch_I_pCa"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="hinch_I_CaB"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="hinch_I_RyR"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="I_LCC"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="I_NaCa"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="I_pCa"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="out" name="I_CaB"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_RyR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_LCC</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>hinch_I_LCC</ci>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               <ci>V_myo_uL</ci>
               <ci>F</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_NaCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>hinch_I_NaCa</ci>
               <ci>V_myo_uL</ci>
               <ci>F</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_pCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>hinch_I_pCa</ci>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               <ci>V_myo_uL</ci>
               <ci>F</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_CaB</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>hinch_I_CaB</ci>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               <ci>V_myo_uL</ci>
               <ci>F</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_RyR</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
               <ci>hinch_I_RyR</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="niederer_thinfilaments"/>
   <component name="niederer_tropomyosin">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="z" initial_value="0.020023"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="z_max"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="per_mM_ms" public_interface="in" name="k_on"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="k_Ref_off"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="gamma_trpn"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_TRPN_Max"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_0" initial_value="8e-3"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_r1" initial_value="2e-3"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_r2" initial_value="1.75e-3"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="n_Rel" initial_value="3"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="K_z" initial_value="0.15"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="n_Hill" initial_value="3"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="Ca_50ref" initial_value="1.05e-3"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="z_p" initial_value="0.85"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="beta_1" initial_value="-4"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="Ca_50"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="Ca_TRPN_50"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="K_2"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="K_1"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_Tm"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="beta_Tm"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="beta_0"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_b"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="lambda"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>K_2</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>alpha_r2</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>z_p</ci>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>z_p</ci>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_z</ci>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>K_z</ci>
                           <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>z_p</ci>
                           <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>K_z</ci>
                           <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>K_1</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_r2</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>z_p</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>K_z</ci>
                     <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>z_p</ci>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_z</ci>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>z_max</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>alpha_0</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Ca_TRPN_50</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_TRPN_Max</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>n_Hill</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>K_2</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_r1</ci>
                  <ci>K_1</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>alpha_0</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Ca_TRPN_50</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_TRPN_Max</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>n_Hill</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ca_50</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>Ca_50ref</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>beta_1</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>lambda</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ca_TRPN_50</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Ca_50</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_TRPN_Max</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Ca_50</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>k_Ref_off</ci>
                        <ci>k_on</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>beta_0</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <ci>lambda</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>gamma_trpn</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_Tm</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>alpha_0</ci>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Ca_b</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_TRPN_50</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>n_Hill</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_Tm</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>alpha_r1</ci>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>alpha_r2</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>z</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>z</ci>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>K_z</ci>
                        <ci>n_Rel</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>z</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_Tm</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>z</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>beta_Tm</ci>
                  <ci>z</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="niederer_troponin">
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="I_TRPN"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_TRPN_Max" initial_value="70e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="TRPN"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="k_off"/>
      <variable units="per_mM_ms" public_interface="out" name="k_on" initial_value="100"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="k_Ref_off" initial_value="0.2"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="gamma_trpn" initial_value="2"/>
      <variable units="N_per_mm2" public_interface="in" name="Tension"/>
      <variable units="N_per_mm2" public_interface="in" name="T_ref"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>k_off</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>k_Ref_off</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Tension</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>gamma_trpn</ci>
                              <ci>T_ref</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Tension</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>gamma_trpn</ci>
                              <ci>T_ref</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>k_Ref_off</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_TRPN</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Ca_TRPN_Max</ci>
                     <ci>TRPN</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>k_off</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <ci>TRPN</ci>
                  <ci>k_on</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="niederer_Myofilaments">
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="lambda"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="ExtensionRatio"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="out" name="dExtensionRatiodt"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="lambda_prev"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>ExtensionRatio</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>time</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="ms">3e5</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>lambda_prev</ci>
            <ci>ExtensionRatio</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>dExtensionRatiodt</ci>
            <cn cellml:units="per_ms">0</cn>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>lambda</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <ci>ExtensionRatio</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>ExtensionRatio</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.8</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <leq/>
                        <ci>ExtensionRatio</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.15</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <piece>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.15</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>ExtensionRatio</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.15</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.8</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="niederer_filament_overlap">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="lambda"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="overlap"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="beta_0" initial_value="4.9"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>overlap</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>beta_0</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>lambda</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="niederer_length_independent_tension">
      <variable units="N_per_mm2" public_interface="out" name="T_ref" initial_value="56.2"/>
      <variable units="N_per_mm2" public_interface="out" name="T_Base"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="z"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="z_max"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>T_Base</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>T_ref</ci>
                  <ci>z</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>z_max</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="niederer_isometric_tension">
      <variable units="N_per_mm2" public_interface="out" name="T_0" cmeta:id="niederer_isometric_tension_T_0"/>
      <variable units="N_per_mm2" public_interface="in" name="T_Base"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="overlap"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>T_0</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>T_Base</ci>
               <ci>overlap</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="niederer_Cross_Bridges">
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" public_interface="in" name="dExtensionRatiodt"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="Q"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="0.35"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="Q_1" initial_value="0"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="Q_2" initial_value="0"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="Q_3" initial_value="0"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="A_1" initial_value="-29"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="A_2" initial_value="138"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="A_3" initial_value="129"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_1" initial_value="0.03"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_2" initial_value="0.13"/>
      <variable units="per_ms" name="alpha_3" initial_value="0.625"/>
      <variable units="N_per_mm2" public_interface="in" name="T_0"/>
      <variable units="N_per_mm2" public_interface="out" name="Tension"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Q</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Q_1</ci>
               <ci>Q_2</ci>
               <ci>Q_3</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Tension</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>T_0</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>a</ci>
                              <ci>Q</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <ci>Q</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>Q</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>T_0</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>a</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>Q</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <ci>Q</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Q_1</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>A_1</ci>
                  <ci>dExtensionRatiodt</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_1</ci>
                  <ci>Q_1</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Q_2</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>A_2</ci>
                  <ci>dExtensionRatiodt</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_2</ci>
                  <ci>Q_2</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Q_3</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>A_3</ci>
                  <ci>dExtensionRatiodt</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_3</ci>
                  <ci>Q_3</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="11.28"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations_Ca_i" name="Ca_i" initial_value="0.00011423"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_SR" initial_value="721.96e-3"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="138.7225"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="TRPN" initial_value="0.0661796"/>
      <variable units="uL" public_interface="in" name="V_myo_uL"/>
      <variable units="uL" public_interface="in" name="V_SR_uL"/>
      <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="C_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_Na"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_B_Na"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_B_K"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_NaK"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_f_Na"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_f_K"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_K1"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_t"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_ss"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_Stim"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="I_RyR"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_LCC"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_NaCa"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="I_SERCA"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_pCa"/>
      <variable units="uA" public_interface="in" name="I_CaB"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="I_SR"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="I_TRPN"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="beta_CMDN"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_b"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_TRPN_Max"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ca_b</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Ca_TRPN_Max</ci>
               <ci>TRPN</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Na_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>I_Na</ci>
                        <ci>I_B_Na</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>I_NaCa</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>I_NaK</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>I_f_Na</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>V_myo_uL</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>K_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>I_Stim</ci>
                        <ci>I_ss</ci>
                        <ci>I_B_K</ci>
                        <ci>I_t</ci>
                        <ci>I_K1</ci>
                        <ci>I_f_K</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>I_NaK</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>V_myo_uL</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>TRPN</ci>
            </apply>
            <ci>I_TRPN</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>beta_CMDN</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>I_RyR</ci>
                        <ci>I_SERCA</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>I_SR</ci>
                     <ci>I_TRPN</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>I_NaCa</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>I_pCa</ci>
                        <ci>I_CaB</ci>
                        <ci>I_LCC</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        <ci>V_myo_uL</ci>
                        <ci>F</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_SR</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>V_myo_uL</ci>
                  <ci>V_SR_uL</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>I_RyR</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>I_SERCA</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>I_SR</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <group>
      <relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
      <component_ref component="membrane">
         <component_ref component="pandit_sodium_current">
            <component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="pandit_steady_state_outward_K_current">
            <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="pandit_inward_rectifier"/>
         <component_ref component="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
            <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="pandit_background_currents"/>
         <component_ref component="pandit_sodium_potassium_pump"/>
         <component_ref component="pandit_standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="cell_geometry"/>
         <component_ref component="hinch_CaRU">
            <component_ref component="CaRU_Transitions"/>
            <component_ref component="DS_Calcium_Concentrations"/>
            <component_ref component="LCC_and_RyR_fluxes"/>
            <component_ref component="CaRU_states"/>
            <component_ref component="CaRU_reduced_states"/>
            <component_ref component="RyR_current"/>
            <component_ref component="LCC_current"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="hinch_Na_Ca_Exchanger"/>
         <component_ref component="hinch_SERCA"/>
         <component_ref component="hinch_Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump"/>
         <component_ref component="hinch_Background_Ca_current"/>
         <component_ref component="hinch_SR_Ca_leak_current"/>
         <component_ref component="hinch_calmodulin_Ca_buffer"/>
         <component_ref component="convert_hinch"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="niederer_Myofilaments">
         <component_ref component="niederer_thinfilaments">
            <component_ref component="niederer_tropomyosin"/>
            <component_ref component="niederer_troponin"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="niederer_filament_overlap"/>
         <component_ref component="niederer_Cross_Bridges"/>
         <component_ref component="niederer_isometric_tension"/>
         <component_ref component="niederer_length_independent_tension"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <group>
      <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
      <component_ref component="pandit_sodium_current">
         <component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="pandit_steady_state_outward_K_current">
         <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
         <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="hinch_CaRU">
         <component_ref component="CaRU_Transitions"/>
         <component_ref component="CaRU_states"/>
         <component_ref component="CaRU_reduced_states"/>
         <component_ref component="DS_Calcium_Concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="LCC_and_RyR_fluxes"/>
         <component_ref component="RyR_current"/>
         <component_ref component="LCC_current"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="pandit_sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="pandit_steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="hinch_CaRU"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_Stim" variable_1="I_Stim"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="pandit_sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="pandit_steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="pandit_inward_rectifier"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_f" variable_1="i_f"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="pandit_background_currents"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_B_K" variable_1="i_B_K"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="pandit_sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="hinch_CaRU"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="FVRT_Ca" variable_1="FVRT_Ca"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="hinch_Na_Ca_Exchanger"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="FVRT" variable_1="FVRT"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="hinch_Background_Ca_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="pandit_sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="pandit_steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="pandit_inward_rectifier"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_f_Na" variable_1="i_f_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_f_K" variable_1="i_f_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="pandit_background_currents"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_B_K" variable_1="i_B_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="pandit_sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="pandit_sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="pandit_inward_rectifier"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="pandit_sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_steady_state_outward_K_current" component_1="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_inward_rectifier" component_1="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_background_currents" component_1="pandit_Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="pandit_sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_background_currents" component_1="pandit_sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="cell_geometry"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V_myo_uL" variable_1="V_myo_uL"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V_SR_uL" variable_1="V_SR_uL"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="hinch_CaRU" component_1="cell_geometry"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V_myo" variable_1="V_myo"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="convert_hinch" component_1="cell_geometry"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V_myo_uL" variable_1="V_myo_uL"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="convert_hinch" component_1="hinch_CaRU"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="hinch_I_LCC" variable_1="I_LCC"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="hinch_I_RyR" variable_1="I_RyR"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="convert_hinch" component_1="hinch_Na_Ca_Exchanger"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="hinch_I_NaCa" variable_1="I_NaCa"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="convert_hinch" component_1="hinch_Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="hinch_I_pCa" variable_1="I_pCa"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="convert_hinch" component_1="hinch_Background_Ca_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="hinch_I_CaB" variable_1="I_CaB"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hinch_calmodulin_Ca_buffer"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="beta_CMDN" variable_1="beta_CMDN"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="convert_hinch"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_LCC" variable_1="I_LCC"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_RyR" variable_1="I_RyR"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_NaCa" variable_1="I_NaCa"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_pCa" variable_1="I_pCa"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_CaB" variable_1="I_CaB"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="convert_hinch"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_NaCa" variable_1="I_NaCa"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_LCC" variable_1="I_LCC"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_pCa" variable_1="I_pCa"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_CaB" variable_1="I_CaB"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hinch_CaRU"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_SR" variable_1="Ca_SR"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hinch_Na_Ca_Exchanger"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hinch_SERCA"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_SERCA" variable_1="I_SERCA"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hinch_Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hinch_Background_Ca_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hinch_SR_Ca_leak_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_SR" variable_1="Ca_SR"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="I_SR" variable_1="I_SR"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="hinch_CaRU"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="pandit_standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="hinch_Na_Ca_Exchanger"/>
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    <vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
    <vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
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Added some cmeta:ids to variables</rdf:value>
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    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-07-15T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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    <vCard:Given>Jonna</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Terkildsen</vCard:Family>
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